Segregation in the pollen of F2 rye (Secale cereale) plants for induction of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids with wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Pollen Plants ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

An attempt was made to determine the inheritance of the rye genes which induce high chiasma frequency in hybrids with wheat and to study if the ability of rye to induce partial amphiploidy in hybrids with wheat was heritable. Five to eight F2 pollen plants were derived from seeds taken from each of three F1 plants that had given high chiasma frequency in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Similarly, six to seven F2 pollen plants were derived from each of three F1 plants that had given partial amphiploids in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Chiasma frequency was studied in 127 hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat. In the present study, significant differences in chiasma frequency were observed (i) among the 38 families represented by 127 plants, and (ii) between two groups of three sets each, one known for inducing high pairing and the other known for inducing partial amphiploidy associated with low pairing in wheat × F1 rye plants. Significant variation was also observed between families within sets (each originated from one F1 rye plant) suggesting that F2 rye plants derived from the same F1 plants also differed genetically for inducing heterogenetic (homoeologous) pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. One of the six sets particularly showed significantly higher pairing with a mean of 2.13 per cell (individual hybrids gave a chiasma frequency as high as a mean of 6.07 per cell) as against a range of 0.96 to 1.18 in the remaining five sets, suggesting accumulation of genes in F2 rye plants for inducing pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. It is expected that by intermating the segregating rye plants, it should be possible to accumulate genes and eventually to isolate homozygous lines inducing high pairing in hybrids with wheat. Contrary to expectation, no partial amphiploids were obtained in a study of 127 wheat × F2 rye hybrids, although three of the six F1 rye plants had earlier given partial amphiploids in wheat × F1 rye hybrids. Key words: intergeneric hybrids, wheat, rye, genetic control, chromosome pairing.

GENETIC VARIATION IN TRITICUM AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Driscoll ◽  
C. J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis

Genetic differences which affect the extent of homoeologous chromosome pairing in intergeneric hybrids have been demonstrated between varieties of Triticum aestivum. Each of seven varieties of Triticum was crossed with the same strain of Aegilops variabilis. Significant differences in chiasma frequencies between varieties were found. Varieties Eureka, Gamut and Chinese Spring constitute one group with a relatively low chiasma frequency and varieties A. R. Falcon, Federation and Poso constitute a distinct second group with a relatively high chiasma frequency. The variety Bearded Yalta is intermediate to the two groups. Thus, this genetic variation appears to be common among varieties of Triticum. Presumably this variation does not become subject to natural selection as long as chromosome pairing in the parental varieties remains strictly homologous.

Partial amphiploids from wheat (Triticum aestivum) × rye (Secale cereale) crosses

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

Two groups of three-way hybrids were produced by crossing F1 hybrids of 'Petkus' × 'Prolific' rye (2n = 14) and 'Prolific' × 'Puma' rye (2n = 14) onto 'Chinese Spring' wheat (2n = 42). Meiosis was studied in 89 plants from 29 families from the first combination and in 36 plants from 11 families in the second cross. In three families from the first combination ('Petkus' × 'Prolific') five partial amphiploids with chromosome numbers of 2n = 35, 36, 36, 38, and 41 were identified. The mean bivalent frequencies in five hybrids were 6.71, 7.73, 8.10, 9.94, and 13.00, suggesting that the number of bivalents was generally equal to the number of chromosomes in excess of the expected chromosome number of 2n = 28. These five plants were partial or incomplete amphiploids and their origin was attributed to duplication of a portion of the wheat complement after fertilization.Key words: partial amphiploids, hybrids (intergeneric), Triticum, Secale, chromosome pairing.

Promotion of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Aegilops variabilis

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Farooq ◽  
N. Iqbal ◽  
T. M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis

Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum variety Lu-26 and ph1b mutant of the cultivar Chinese Spring were produced with three accessions, A, B, and E, of Aegilops variabilis. Significant differences were found in the amount of homoeologous chromosome pairing at meiotic metaphase I. Hybrids between wheat variety Lu-26 and accessions A and B of Ae. variabilis showed very little pairing, as indicated by the chiasma frequency of 1.0 and 1.5 per cell, respectively. Hybrids between Lu-26 and accession E, on the other hand, showed significantly increased homoeologous pairing (mean chiasma frequency, 12.6/cell). The level of such pairing was essentially the same as that between the hybrids of ph1b 'Chinese Spring' × Ae. variabilis accessions A and B. However, when the ph1b mutant was hyridized with accession E, the level of chromosome pairing increased significantly (mean chiasma frequency, 17.52/cell). This is indicative of the presence of pairing promoter gene(s) in Ae. variabilis accession E, which are epistatic to the wheat Ph1 allele and positively interact with its mutant form to further increase the ph1b ceiling to homoeologous pairing in wheat.Key words: Triticum aestivum, ph1b mutant, Aegilops variabilis, intergeneric hybrids, homoeologous pairing.

The effect of increased dosage of wheat chromosomes on chromosome pairing and an analysis of the chiasma frequencies of individual wheat bivalents

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Homologous Pair ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

By crossing the 'Chinese Spring' wheat tetrasomic series with rye, 21 different hybrid genotypes were produced, each with a single different homologous pair of wheat chromosomes. These hybrids enable the effect on chromosome pairing to be assessed for an extra dose of each of the 21 chromosomes. Significant effects were observed with eight of the chromosomes. Chiasma frequencies for each of the 21 pairs of chromosomes were also studied and the differences between the chromosomes were reported. The correlation between chromosome pairing and chiasma formation and chiasma frequency differences between bivalents and genomes are discussed.Key words: wheat, chromosome pairing, chiasma frequencies.

Suppression of homologous pairing between chromosomes of A and B genomes of 4x and 6x wheats by Hordeum californicum Covas and Stebbins

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
H. S. Balyan ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homologous Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Three hybrids of Triticum turgidum cv. Ma with Hordeum californicum × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring amphiploid were obtained at a frequency of 1.6% of the pollinated florets. Meiotic analysis of the hybrid plants revealed an average chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell ranging from 15.27 to 17.60. The lower than expected chromosome pairing in the hybrid plants was attributed to the suppression of pairing between homologous wheat chromosomes by pairing regulatory gene(s) in H. californicum.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum californicum, Triticum turgidum, meiosis, chromosome pairing.

C-banding at meiosis as a means of assessing chromosome affinities in the Triticeae

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hutchinson ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

The meiotic chromosome pairing of one 'Chinese Spring' wheat aneuhaploid (3AL) and two 'Chinese Spring' aneuploid × rye hybrids (N3A-T3B and N5B-T5D × rye) were studied. These genotypes all display higher than normal levels of pairing which were analysed with the aid of the technique of C-banding. The results show that the pattern of pairing is neither random nor of an unrestricted homoeologous nature. Pairing is more frequent between unhanded (A and D genome) chromosomes, than between either unhanded (A or D genome) and banded (B or R genome) chromosomes, or between banded (B and R genome) chromosomes.

The effect of homoeologous group 3 chromosomes on chromosome pairing and crossability in Triticum aestivum

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Group 3

Differences in the level of chromosome pairing in hybrids between 'Chinese Spring' wheat homoeologous group 3 aneuploids and rye and in homoeologous group 3 aneuhaploids were studied. Factors affecting chromosome pairing were detected or confirmed on both arms of the chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 in wheat. Effects were also identified on chromosome 3R of rye and a chromosome of Hordeum bulbosum. Factors affecting crossability between 'Chinese Spring' wheat and H. bulbosum were also found on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D. A correlation was shown between increased pairing and reduced crossability.

EFFECT OF RYE ON HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN WHEAT × RYE HYBRIDS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Polygenic System

The number of chiasmata per cell at metaphase I was scored in eight haploid plants of Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. cv. 'Chinese Spring' and 100 hybrid plants of Chinese Spring × Secale cereale L. Mean chiasma frequency per cell ranged from 0.00 to 3.59 in the hybrids and from 0.17 to 0.35 in the haploids. Since the same wheat genotype was present in both the haploids and hybrids, it is concluded that some of the rye genotypes promoted homoeologous chromosome pairing. The absence of distinct segregation classes among the hybrids suggests that these genes constitute a polygenic system.

An Allele for Low Reaction to Puccinia graminis tritici in Chinese Spring Wheat

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Q. Loegering
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat
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