Partial amphiploids from wheat (Triticum aestivum) × rye (Secale cereale) crosses

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

Two groups of three-way hybrids were produced by crossing F1 hybrids of 'Petkus' × 'Prolific' rye (2n = 14) and 'Prolific' × 'Puma' rye (2n = 14) onto 'Chinese Spring' wheat (2n = 42). Meiosis was studied in 89 plants from 29 families from the first combination and in 36 plants from 11 families in the second cross. In three families from the first combination ('Petkus' × 'Prolific') five partial amphiploids with chromosome numbers of 2n = 35, 36, 36, 38, and 41 were identified. The mean bivalent frequencies in five hybrids were 6.71, 7.73, 8.10, 9.94, and 13.00, suggesting that the number of bivalents was generally equal to the number of chromosomes in excess of the expected chromosome number of 2n = 28. These five plants were partial or incomplete amphiploids and their origin was attributed to duplication of a portion of the wheat complement after fertilization.Key words: partial amphiploids, hybrids (intergeneric), Triticum, Secale, chromosome pairing.

Segregation in the pollen of F2 rye (Secale cereale) plants for induction of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids with wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Pollen Plants ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

An attempt was made to determine the inheritance of the rye genes which induce high chiasma frequency in hybrids with wheat and to study if the ability of rye to induce partial amphiploidy in hybrids with wheat was heritable. Five to eight F2 pollen plants were derived from seeds taken from each of three F1 plants that had given high chiasma frequency in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Similarly, six to seven F2 pollen plants were derived from each of three F1 plants that had given partial amphiploids in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Chiasma frequency was studied in 127 hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat. In the present study, significant differences in chiasma frequency were observed (i) among the 38 families represented by 127 plants, and (ii) between two groups of three sets each, one known for inducing high pairing and the other known for inducing partial amphiploidy associated with low pairing in wheat × F1 rye plants. Significant variation was also observed between families within sets (each originated from one F1 rye plant) suggesting that F2 rye plants derived from the same F1 plants also differed genetically for inducing heterogenetic (homoeologous) pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. One of the six sets particularly showed significantly higher pairing with a mean of 2.13 per cell (individual hybrids gave a chiasma frequency as high as a mean of 6.07 per cell) as against a range of 0.96 to 1.18 in the remaining five sets, suggesting accumulation of genes in F2 rye plants for inducing pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. It is expected that by intermating the segregating rye plants, it should be possible to accumulate genes and eventually to isolate homozygous lines inducing high pairing in hybrids with wheat. Contrary to expectation, no partial amphiploids were obtained in a study of 127 wheat × F2 rye hybrids, although three of the six F1 rye plants had earlier given partial amphiploids in wheat × F1 rye hybrids. Key words: intergeneric hybrids, wheat, rye, genetic control, chromosome pairing.

The effect of homoeologous group 3 chromosomes on chromosome pairing and crossability in Triticum aestivum

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Group 3

Differences in the level of chromosome pairing in hybrids between 'Chinese Spring' wheat homoeologous group 3 aneuploids and rye and in homoeologous group 3 aneuhaploids were studied. Factors affecting chromosome pairing were detected or confirmed on both arms of the chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 in wheat. Effects were also identified on chromosome 3R of rye and a chromosome of Hordeum bulbosum. Factors affecting crossability between 'Chinese Spring' wheat and H. bulbosum were also found on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D. A correlation was shown between increased pairing and reduced crossability.

Chinese spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chloroplast genome: Complete sequence and contig clones

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunari Ogihara ◽  
Kazuriho Isono ◽  
Toshio Kojima ◽  
Akira Endo ◽  
Mitsumasa Hanaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Microsatellite Markers Based on Sequenced Database in Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0141540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Han ◽  
Changbiao Wang ◽  
Zhaohui Tang ◽  
Yongkang Ren ◽  
Yali Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

The inheritance of genetic variation in rye (Secale cereale) affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids with bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing

Chiasmata frequencies ranging from 0.07 to 10.40 per cell were recorded in 125 hybrid plants derived from wheat × F1 rye crosses. These included 89 plants belonging to 28 families from the Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' × Secale cereale F1 ('Petkus' × 'Prolific') cross and 36 plants belonging to 11 families from the 'Chinese Spring' × F1 ('Prolific' × 'Puma') cross. The data were analyzed to study the inheritance of genetic variation in rye affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing. The results were particularly interesting in the former case where segregation for major genes was evident. First, in this cross, a bimodal distribution was observed and second, chiasmata frequencies ranging from 6.11 to 10.40 per cell were observed in three families but without any hybrid falling in either the range of 3.0 to 6.0 or in the range of 6.11 to 9.82, showing discontinuous distribution. It was concluded that the genetic system in 'Petkus' differs from that in 'Prolific', and that genes both with major effects and minor effects may be present, the major effects possibly resulting from complementary gene action. In the second cross involving F1 rye plants derived from 'Prolific' × 'Puma', a smaller sample gave a continuous distribution with a single mode, the chiasmata frequency never exceeding 2.70 per cell. This could be due to a difference in genetic systems found in 'Puma' and 'Petkus' since 'Prolific' was a common parent in both crosses. The genetic variation in rye observed in the present study has been compared with that known in Aegilops speltoides and it was concluded that these may be of a similar nature.Key words: Triticum, Secale, pairing regulation, homoeologous pairing.

Dormancy in white-grain mutants of Chinese Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L Warner ◽  
D.A. Kudrna ◽  
S.C. Spaeth ◽  
S.S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
White Mutant

AbstractRed wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) are generally more dormant and sprout resistant than white wheats. Whether this is caused by pleiotropic effectsof the red grain colour genes (R) on dormancy and coat colour, or to tight linkage between R and dormancy genes has not been fully resolved. To directly determine the effect of the R1 allele on dormancy, mutations were induced with sodium azide in a pure line selection of the red genotype (R1R1r2r2r3r3) Chinese Spring wheat. Two white mutants (CSW01, CSW02) were recovered from M3 caryopses derived from approximately 20,000 M2 plants. Both mutants were shown to be allelic to a domesticwhite genotype (r1r1r2r2r3r3). Except for seed coat colour, CSW01 and CSW02 are morphologically indistinguishable from the wild type and are presumed to be near isogenic lines of Chinese Spring. Freshly harvested grainsproduced under four different environments were evaluated for post-harvest dormancy. In all environments, intact caryopses of all three isolines exhibited high temperature dormancy typical of cereal species, although the red wild type consistently exhibited greater dormancy than the white mutant isolines. Dormancy was dissipated by afterripening in dry storage at 37°C in a similar manner for the red and white isolines. Excised embryos of the three isolines exhibited similar levels of dormancy and sensitivities to exogenous abscisic acid. These results indicate a functional R1 allele is not absolutely required for dormancy in wheat, but does enhance its expression in caryopses with dormant (sensitive) embryos

REDUCTION OF CHROMOSOME PAIRING BY A SPONTANEOUS MUTATION ON CHROMOSOMAL ARM 5DL OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda S. Viegas ◽  
T. Mello-Sampayo ◽  
Moshe Feldman ◽  
Lydia Avivi
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Promoter Allele

In a plant of Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cultivar Chinese Spring which was disomic for a mutant isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome 5D (di-isosomic 5DLM), partial chromosome asynapsis was detected at meiosis. Chromosome pairing in F1 hybrids from crosses of T. aestivum plants carrying the mutant isochromosome with Secale cereale, an intermediate pairing line of T. longissimum and with T. sharonensis disclosed that 5DLM carried a gene that reduced homoeologous chromosome pairing. This gene, designated Ph3 is less potent than its assumed homoeoallele on chromosomal arm 5BL, i.e., Ph1. The possibility of Ph1 being transferred from 5BL to 5DL through homoeologous chromosome pairing and recombination was discarded. Rather, it seems more likely that this allele resulted from a spontaneous mutation of the pairing-promoter allele known to be located on 5DL.

C-banding at meiosis as a means of assessing chromosome affinities in the Triticeae

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hutchinson ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

The meiotic chromosome pairing of one 'Chinese Spring' wheat aneuhaploid (3AL) and two 'Chinese Spring' aneuploid × rye hybrids (N3A-T3B and N5B-T5D × rye) were studied. These genotypes all display higher than normal levels of pairing which were analysed with the aid of the technique of C-banding. The results show that the pattern of pairing is neither random nor of an unrestricted homoeologous nature. Pairing is more frequent between unhanded (A and D genome) chromosomes, than between either unhanded (A or D genome) and banded (B or R genome) chromosomes, or between banded (B and R genome) chromosomes.

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