Inhibition of growth of Clostridium pasteurianum by acetylene: implication for nitrogen fixation assay

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1483-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brouzes ◽  
R. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Clostridium Pasteurianum ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Grown Culture

Acetylene (0.1 atm) prevented rapid increase of CO2 evolution in glucose-amended anaerobically incubated sandy loam soil. This effect was explainable in terms of an effect of C2H2 on nitrogen-fixing Clostridia.In a N2ase-repressed Clostridium pasteurianum culture growing on a medium supplemented with 339 μg NH4-N/ml, C2H2 caused 60 to 100% inhibition of cell proliferation and of cell-nitrogen accumulation, and prevented the increase in rate of CO2 evolution normally associated with growth. In N2ase-containing cultures the competitive inhibition of nitrogen fixation by C2H2 was relieved when C2H2 reduction brought the pC2H2 to near 0.025 atm. The C2H2 inhibition of the NH4-grown culture, however, was not reversed by removal of the C2H2 after 11 h of exposure. Ethylene showed no inhibitory effect.Variation of NH4-N concentration and addition, to the medium, of casein hydrolysate and of pyruvate separately and in combination had no marked effect on the inhibition pattern.The effect of C2H2 reported here suggests that, until more information is available, the results of long-term C2H2 assays of low-activity materials such as soils should be interpreted with some caution.

Long‐Term Persistence of Picloram in a Sandy Loam Soil

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Fryer ◽  
P. D. Smith ◽  
J. W. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

Aggregate strength and mechanical behaviour of a sandy loam soil under long-term fertilization treatments

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Munkholm ◽  
P. SchjØnning ◽  
K. Debosz ◽  
H. E. Jensen ◽  
B.T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Aggregate Strength

CO2 Emissions and Maize Biomass Production Using Digestate Liquid Fraction in Two Soil Texture Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1325-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Maucieri ◽  
Maurizio Borin
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Emission Peak ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil texture and primary tillage type on soil CO2 emission and maize biomass production after digestate liquid fraction (DLF) spreading. The study was conducted in 2014 in two open fields at Terrasa Padovana (farm 1) and Bovolenta (farm 2) in the Veneto Region of Italy. Soil CO2 emission after digestate spreading was evaluated by comparing the effect of soil texture (sandy loam vs. clay loam) at farm 1 and the effect of long-term primary tillage management (>10 years) (ripping vs. plowing) in clay loam soil at farm 2. Unamended soil was considered the control at both farms. DLF was supplied before maize ( L.) sowing at a dose equal to 170 kg total nitrogen ha-1 using a splash-plate technique. DLF spreading determined a CO2 emission peak 1 h after spreading at both farms, with median emission values of 8.93 and 4.35 g m-2 h-1, respectively, from the sandy loam and clay loam soils at farm 1. At farm 2, primary tillage type did not exert a significant effect on CO2 emission peak, with a median value of 5.85 g m-2 h-1. About three days after DLF distribution, soil CO2 fluxes were less than 1 g m-2 h-1. The first soil harrowing and the first rainfall event after spreading determined significantly higher CO2 emissions from amended plots than from unamended plots for a few hours. At farm 1, soil CO2 emission during the maize growing season was significantly higher in the amended plots (+1.7 times) than in the unamended plots, which showed a median emission value of 0.29 g m-2 h-1; soil texture and tillage exerted no significant influence. Maize yield at dough stage was not significantly influenced by DLF at farm 1, with 22.7 ±1.6 Mg ha-1 and 18.7 ±2.8 Mg ha-1 in the clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. At farm 2, the distribution of DLF increased maize biomass production by +17% with respect to the unamended treatment that produced 18.0 ±2.4 Mg ha-1. Although the results reported in this article concern data from only one year, and further long-term experiments are needed to confirm our findings, they indicate that CO2 emissions after digestate distribution are lower in a clay loam soil than in a sandy loam soil and are not affected by primary tillage type. Keywords: Clay loam soil, Digestate splash-plate spreading, Plowing, Ripping, Sandy loam soil.

Population size and specific potential of P-mineralizing and -solubilizing bacteria under long-term P-deficiency fertilization in a sandy loam soil

Pedobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Hu ◽  
Xiangui Lin ◽  
Junhua Wang ◽  
Haiyan Chu ◽  
Rui Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Specific Potential

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Berm on Growth of Peach Trees during Establishment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 600b-600
Author(s):  
B.D. McCraw ◽  
Becky Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Peach Trees

Long-term success in peach production requires the best possible site, but the ideal site is difficult to find. Risk of crop loss to spring freeze dictates that trees be on high ground. As a result, the best site available may have less than optimum soil. Effects of irrigation on peach tree growth are well documented. Raised beds have been used in other crops to insure adequate water drainage away from roots of crop plants. Results from larger beds or berms in combination with irrigation on peaches have been reported in Ohio, but little information is available for the southeast production region. In this study, berms on a Teller Fine Sandy Loam soil were constructed with a road grader in Oct. 1993. The berms were 55.8 cm high, 61 cm wide at the top, and sloped ≈30° to a base width of 4.3 m. `Flameprince'/Lovell trees were planted in Mar. 1994, 6.1 m between rows and 5.5 m between trees in rows. The experiment was a split-plot design with four replications and three trees per treatment replication. Treatments consisted of no irrigation, 40% or 80% pan evaporation (PE) replacement in combination with berm or flat planting surface. Irrigation was supplied by means of emitters which applied 3.7 L per hour. Two emitters per tree were located in the row 45.7 cm either side of the tree trunk. During the first 4 years there was no significant difference between 40% and 80% PE irrigation treatments. Likewise, no significant interactions occurred. Tree trunk caliper, canopy area, and height were greater in irrigated plots and the same or greater from trees in flat plots in all cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document