Effect of parasitism by Anaphes sp. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) on the cold hardiness of Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) eggs

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Hance ◽  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Overwintering Site

The cold hardiness of egg parasitoids is critical to their survival in winter because these organisms have little control in the choice of their overwintering site. The supercooling points of Listronotus oregonensis eggs increased from −24.9 to −22.1 °C as eggs matured. When these eggs were parasitized by Anaphes sp., their supercooling point remained stable at −22.9 °C throughout the development of the parasitoid. Anaphes sp. maintained its cold hardiness by increasing its levels of glycerol and fructose. When the parental generation was exposed to a combination of low temperature and short photoperiod, the supercooling point of the daughter generation (F1) was significantly decreased. A further decrease in the supercooling point was observed when F1 individuals were stored at 3 °C for 14 or 20 days. These data show that local extinction of populations overwintering in nonsheltered habitats is probably common in southwestern Quebec.

A comparison of the cold hardiness of populations of Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from southern England and the Canadian Prairies

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
P. M. Reader ◽  
G. K. Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
English Population ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
The Relationship

The Canadian population of Delia radicum is more cold hardy than the English population in that the supercooling point is slightly lower and overwintering pupae are less sensitive to lower temperatures and longer exposure times. However, the Canadian population is slightly less cold hardy at higher temperatures within the cold injury zone. Female D. radicum were more susceptible to cold-induced mortality than males among the Canadian population, but this sex difference was not significant in the English population. The proportion of malformed adults and the rate of postdiapause development were not related to cold injury in either population. The bounds of the cold injury zone for species or populations of freezing susceptible, diapausing insects plus the sensitivity of the species to cold injury within this zone can provide an ecologically sound method of describing cold hardiness. Sensitivity, measured by the slope of a regression describing the relationship between survival and the duration of exposure at a low temperature, can also be used to calculate the rate at which cold injury occurs at any temperature within the cold injury zone. This slope may reflect the overwintering conditions of a species or population because Canadian populations of both D. radicum and Mamestra configurata (Noctuidae) have similar coefficients, but these are very different from the coefficient of the English population of D. radicum. The supercooling point did not provide a useful indication of the susceptibility of these cold-hardy diapausing insects to cold injury.

Study on the physiology of diapause, cold hardiness and supercooling point of overwintering pupae of the pistachio fruit hull borer, Arimania comaroffi

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Bemani ◽  
Hamzeh Izadi ◽  
Kamran Mahdian ◽  
Abbas Khani ◽  
Mohammad Amin samih
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Supercooling Point

The influence of light and diurnal freezing temperature on the cold hardiness of winter wheat seedlings

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2539-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
I. A. de la Roche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Low Temperature Growth

Seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivwn cv. Rideau and Cappelle Desprez) grown on moist filter paper in petri plates in dark at low temperature increased in cold hardiness, as measured by changes in the LD50 temperatures. Rideau attained an LD50 temperature of −12 °C after 5 weeks, Cappelle Desprez, −6 °C. Exposure to light delayed the maximum hardiness by 2 weeks and increased it by 6 °C in both cultivars. Exposure to diurnal freezing temperature increased hardiness of both cultivars in the dark, and in light when excessive dehydration was prevented.Greater cold hardiness of plants of both cultivars was attained in soil in light at low temperature as compared with those in petri plates. Exposure of plants to diurnal freezing temperature maintained a higher level of hardiness after the maximum at 7 weeks than continuous low temperature without freezing. Diurnal freezing during active low temperature growth in petri plates or in soil increased hardiness of Rideau seedlings to an apparent maximum of −18 °C.

Influence of low temperature acclimation on cold hardiness in the beetle, Pterostichus brevicornis

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1935-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Baust ◽  
L.K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Temperature Acclimation

Use of Controlled Low Temperature in Evaluating the Cold Hardiness of Inbred and Hybrid Maize 1

1949 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Haskell ◽  
W. Ralph Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Hybrid Maize

scholarly journals Independent Activation of Cold Acclimation by Low Temperature and Short Photoperiod in Hybrid Aspen

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1633-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annikki Welling ◽  
Thomas Moritz ◽  
E. Tapio Palva ◽  
Olavi Junttila
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Hybrid Aspen

Studies on insect dormancy. II. Relationship of cold-hardiness to diapause and quiescence in the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (Fab.), (Lasiocampidae: Lepidoptera)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Mansingh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Malacosoma Americanum ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Glycerol Level ◽  
Carbohydrate Level ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Studies were conducted on the relationship between levels of glycerol and carbohydrates, supercooling points, and the relative abilities of diapausing and developing eggs and of larval instars of Malacosoma americanum to withstand various periods of chilling at 5° and −15 °C.Diapause in the mature embryos was associated with very high glycerol content (112 mg/g), low carbohydrate level (13 mg/g), and the ability to supercool to −35 °C. During diapause termination, the glycerol level was reduced lo 11 mg/g with a slight rise only in carbohydrate level while the supercooling point was raised to −14 °C. When quiescence was induced in the larvae by chilling them at 5 °C for 1 to 7 weeks, their wet weights and carbohydrate and glycerol contents decreased gradually. However, the supercooling point remained constant around −14 °C.Diapausing embryos could survive several weeks of chilling at −15° and 5 °C. However, only a few weeks of exposure to 5 °C was fatal to quiescent larvae.It is concluded that there is a direct relationship between glycerol content, supercooling points, and the relative abilities of developing and diapausing stages of the tent caterpillar to withstand low temperatures. The developing stages were naturally "cold-tolerant" with the ability to supercool to −14 °C and survive a few weeks of quiescence at 5 °C, which is well below their range of physiological adaptation. Induction of diapause enhanced the supercooling ability and increased cold-hardiness in the mature embryos.

Influence of photoperiod on low temperature acclimation for cold-hardiness in Drosophila auraria

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIZUKO HIGUCHI ◽  
MASAHITO T. KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Temperature Acclimation

scholarly journals 329 DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS OF RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 477f-477
Author(s):  
Gena R. Hughes ◽  
Frank B. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Tissue Browning

Acclimation and cold hardiness of blueberry buds (Vaccinium ashei cv. Tifblue) were evaluated using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and tissue browning. Buds exhibited a single exotherm at -7C October through December and at -11C January through April. LOW temperature exotherms (LTE) were not detected. Tissue browning test ratings indicated that ovary death occurred at -21C.

scholarly journals Winter is coming: cold hardiness attributes of a field population of the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos S Andreadis ◽  
Yianna Poulia ◽  
Sofia Noukari ◽  
Barbara Aslanidou ◽  
Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potato Tuberworm

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a worldwide pest of solanaceous crops especially devastating to potatoes. In the present study we investigated the cold hardiness profile of short-term acclimated and non-acclimated immature and adult stages of a field population of P. operculella. Late instars displayed the lowest mean supercooling point, for both short-term acclimated and non-acclimated individuals, however, no significant differences were observed among developmental stages. Unlike supercooling capacity, acclimation at 5 oC for 5 days enhanced the ability to survive at subzero temperatures after a 2 h exposure. Mean lethal temperature (LTemp50) of all developmental stages (egg, late instar, pupa and adult) decreased after short-term acclimation, however only adults displayed a significant difference among acclimated and non-acclimated individuals concerning their LTemp50 (-11.1 and -8.3 oC, respectively). Generally, pupae were the most cold tolerant developmental stage followed in decreasing order by the eggs and adults, while interestingly late instars were the least ones. Non-freezing injury above the supercooling point was well documented for all developmental stages indicating a pre-freeze mortality and suggesting that P. operculella is considered to be chill tolerant rather than freeze intolerant. Nevertheless, given its high degree of cold hardiness, winter mortality of P. operculella due to low temperatures is not likely to occur and potential pest outbreak can take place following a mild winter.

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