Effect of biosal®, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin on the activity of GOT, GPT and total protein contents in two fodder pests Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi

The assessment of the comparative effect of biosal (phytopesticide), deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroids) were made against two fodder pests, Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi by filter paper impregnation method. The activity of total protein contents, GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) and GOT (glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase) were affected in Hermolaus modestus and Hermolaus ocimumi against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda cyhalothrin. The activity of total protein contents in H. modestus was 31.053%, 4.607%, and 24.575%, against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of total protein contents was observed as 24.202%, 15.25%, and 56.036% against deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and biosal, respectively in H. ocimumi. The activity of GOT was observed as 98.675% for biosal 33.95% for deltamethrin and 83.619% for lambda-cyhalothrin in H. modestus. The GOT activity was estimated in H. ocimumi as 78.831%, 47.645%, and 71.287% against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. The efficacy of GPT enzyme against biosal, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin was calculated as 89.26%, 73.07%, and 47.58%, respectively in H. modestus. The H. ocimumi showed GPT activity as 77.58% for biosal, 68.84% for deltamethrin, and 52.67% for lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.

Ionophore-Based Potassium Selective Fluorescent Organosilica Nano-Optodes Containing Covalently Attached Solvatochromic Dyes

Fluorescent nanoprobes containing ionophores and solvatochromic dyes (SDs) were previously reported as an alternative to chromoionophore-based nano-optodes. However, the small-molecular SDs are prone to leakage and sequestration in complex samples. Here, we chemically attached the SDs to the surface of organosilica nanospheres through copper-catalyzed Click chemistry to prevent dye leakage. The nano-optodes remained well responsive to K+ even after exposure to a large amount of cation-exchange resin, which acted as a sink of the SDs. The potassium nanoprobes exhibited a dynamic range between 1 μM to 10 mM and a good selectivity thanks to valinomycin. Preliminary sensing device based on a nylon filter paper and agarose hydrogel was demonstrated. The results indicate that the covalent anchoring of SDs on nanospheres is promising for developing ionophore-based nanoprobes.

Pengembangan Sensor Kesegaran Buah Pepaya Potong (Carica Papaya L.) Pada Kemasan Pintar Berbasis Indikator pH Alami Kunyit (Curcuma Longa L.)

Papaya cut easily loses quality, so a smart label is needed to detect the freshness of the papaya cut.. Smart label for detecting papaya freshness are made by immobilizing whatmann filter paper membrane on the indicator of turmeric. Smart label have a 2 minutes response time, good reproducibility is indicated by the RSD values <5%, and the usage time is 15 days. Smart label have been successfully applied to detect freshness of cut papayas on the market

Enhanced removal of phosphate from wastewater by precipitation coupled with flocculation

Eco-friendly flocculants of alginic acid, NaHCO3 and CaCl2.2H2O with advantages of strong gelation characteristics were prepared for supporting the removal of phosphate in synthetic wastewater using CaO and Ca(OH)2 as precipitants. The effects of weight ratios of each component in flocculants, dosage of flocculants and initial phosphate concentration were investigated through batch of experiments. The results showed excellent flocculation performance with the weight ratio of alginic acid:NaHCO3 and CaCl2.2H2O at 1:0.3:0.02 and the dosage of flocculants at 0.0050 g/25 mL of phosphate solution in the range of initial phosphate concentration from 50 to 1000 ppm. Comparing to the sample without flocculants, the phosphate removal efficiency using CaO and Ca(OH)2 with the addition of flocculants increased from 19 and 20% to 97% at the initial phosphate concentration of 50 ppm, respectively by filtration of filter paper 2.7 μm.

‘Aggregation-Induced Emission’ Active Mono-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex Mediated Efficient Vapor-Phase Detection of Dichloromethane

Selective vapor-phase detection of dichloromethane (DCM) is a challenge, it being a well-known hazardous volatile organic solvent in trace amounts. With this in mind, we have developed an ‘Aggregation-induced Emission’ (AIE) active mono-cyclometalated iridium(III)-based (M1) probe molecule, which detects DCM sensitively and selectively in vapor phase with a response time < 30 s. It reveals a turn-on emission (non-emissive to intense yellow) on exposing DCM vapor directly to the solid M1. The recorded detection limit is 4.9 ppm for DCM vapor with pristine M1. The mechanism of DCM detection was explored. Moreover, the detection of DCM vapor by M1 was extended with a low-cost filter paper as the substrate. The DCM is weakly bound with the probe and can be removed with a mild treatment, so, notably, the probe can be reused.

Breeding technique of Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on roses leaflets

The development of adequate methods for maintaining populations of arthropod organisms in the laboratory has been a challenge due to the characteristics of each species. This work has aimed to define a method for breeding Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901) in rose leaflets in order to study this species in the laboratory. A condition which could maintain the leaflets turgor for a longer time was sought, in order to guarantee both the survival and multiplication of the insects, and less influence of abiotic factors. Four types of substrates were tested: a) a filter paper disk moistened with distilled water covering the bottom of a Petri dish and; b) a vegetable sponge moistened with distilled water surrounding the base of the leaflet; c) a potato, dextrose and agar (BDA) in a microcentrifuge tube surrounding the base of the leaflet; and d) hydrogel in a microcentrifuge tube surrounding the base of the leaflet. The filter paper moistened with distilled water allowed 65% of the leaflets to remain turgid over a 10-day period and was the most suitable substrate for thrips breeding. With the results at hand, we described S. rubrocinctus breeding in the laboratory. The adopted methodology provided the population density stability of the bred insects, as well as the obtainment of specimens of S. rubrocinctus in quantity and quality throughout the entire period of development of studies on the biology of the species.