THEORETICAL STUDIES ON HEATS OF FORMATION OF PYRIDINE N-OXIDES USING DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY AND COMPLETE BASIS METHOD

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENG-XIN TANG ◽  
XIAO-HONG LI ◽  
RUI-ZHOU ZHANG ◽  
XIAN-ZHOU ZHANG

The heats of formation (HOFs) for 11 pyridine N-oxide compounds are calculated by employing the hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP, B3PW91, B3P86, PBE1PBE) methods with 6-31G** basis set and ab initio CBS-4M method. It is demonstrated that the B3PW91 method is accurate to compute the reliable HOFs for pyridine N-oxide compounds. It is also noted that the HOF is the smallest for the pyridine N-oxide which has the substituent group on the para-position, such as 4-NC–c- C 5 H 4 NO , 4- H 2 NOC – C 5 H 4 N – O , and 4- HO 2 C –c- C 5 H 4 NO . In addition, we think that the HOF of 2- HO 2 C –c- C 5 H 4 NO is much larger than that of 3- HO 2 C –c- C 5 H 4 NO and 4- HO 2 C –c- C 5 H 4 NO , which may be the result of intramolecular hydrogen bond formation and further measurements are needed to reexamine the HOFs for 2- HO 2 C –c- C 5 H 4 NO , 3- HO 2 C –c- C 5 H 4 NO , and 4- HO 2 C –c- C 5 H 4 NO .

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiedeh Negar Mousavi ◽  
Davood Nori-Shargh ◽  
Hooriye Yahyaei ◽  
Kobra Mazrae Frahani

Complete basis set CBS-QB3, hybrid-density functional theory (B3LYP/Def2-TZVPP) based methods and NBO interpretation were used to investigate the impacts of the stereoelectronic effects and electrostatic and steric interactions on the conformational properties of halocarbonyl isocyanates (halo = F (1), Cl (2), and Br (3)), halothiocarbonyl isocyanates (halo = F (4), Cl (5), and Br (6)), and haloselenocarbonyl isocyanates(halo = F (7), Cl (8), and Br (9)). Both methods showed that the Z-conformations of compounds 1, 4, and 7 are more stable than their corresponding E conformations, but the stability of the E conformations, when compared with the corresponding Z conformations, increases from compound 1 to compound 3, compound 4 to compound 6, and also from compound 7 to compound 9. The NBO analysis showed that the generalized anomeric effect (GAE) is in favor of the Z conformations of compounds 1, 4, and 7. The GAE values calculated (i.e., GAEE–GAEZ) increase from compound 1 to compound 3, compound 4 to compound 6, and also from compound 7 to compound 9. On the other hand, there are none of the same trends between the calculated total dipole moment and the Gibbs free energy difference values between the E and Z conformations (i.e., ΔμE–Z and ΔGE–Z) of compounds 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9. Accordingly, the GAE succeeds in accounting for the increase of the E conformation stability from compound 1 to compound 3, compound 4 to compound 6, and also from compound 7 to compound 9. Therefore, the GAE associated with the electron delocalization, not the total dipole moment changes (i.e., ΔμE–Z), is a reasonable indicator of the total energy difference in compounds 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9. There is a direct correlation between the calculated GAE and Δ[r2–6(E) – r2–6(Z)] parameters. Importantly, there are interesting through-space electron delocalizations (LP2X6→π*C4–O5) that justify the increase of the E conformation stability from compound 1 to compound 3, compound 4 to compound 6, and also from compound 7 to compound 9, when compared with their corresponding Z conformations. The correlations between the GAE, bond orders, total steric exchange energies (TSEE), ΔGZ–E, ΔμE–Z, structural parameters, and conformational behaviors of compounds 1–9 were investigated.


2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rodríguez ◽  
D. Soto ◽  
E. Ramírez ◽  
A. Cruz ◽  
A. Santana ◽  
...  

Using hybrid density functional theory and a relatively large basis set, the lowest energy equilibrium structure, vibrational spectrum, and natural orbital analysis were obtained for magnesium diboride clusters [(MgB2)x for x=1,2, and 3]. For comparison, boron clusters [Bx for x=2,4, and 6] were also considered. The MgB2 and (MgB2)2 showed equilibrium structures with the boron atoms in arrangements similar to what was obtained for pure boron atoms, whereas, for (MgB2)3 a different arrangement of boron was obtained. From the population analysis, large electron density in the boron atoms forming the clusters was observed.


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