Planar graphs without intersecting 5-cycles are signed-4-choosable

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150151
Author(s):  
Seog-Jin Kim ◽  
Xiaowei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Discrete Math ◽  
Signed Graph ◽  
List Coloring ◽  
Minimum Integer ◽  
Number Formula ◽  
Choice Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Signature Formula

A signed graph is a pair [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a graph and [Formula: see text] is a signature of [Formula: see text]. A set [Formula: see text] of integers is symmetric if [Formula: see text] implies that [Formula: see text]. Given a list assignment [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], an [Formula: see text]-coloring of a signed graph [Formula: see text] is a coloring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for every edge [Formula: see text]. The signed choice number [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is defined to be the minimum integer [Formula: see text] such that for any [Formula: see text]-list assignment [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and for any signature [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], there is a proper [Formula: see text]-coloring of [Formula: see text]. List signed coloring is a generalization of list coloring. However, the difference between signed choice number and choice number can be arbitrarily large. Hu and Wu [Planar graphs without intersecting [Formula: see text]-cycles are [Formula: see text]-choosable, Discrete Math. 340 (2017) 1788–1792] showed that every planar graph without intersecting 5-cycles is 4-choosable. In this paper, we prove that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is a planar graph without intersecting 5-cycles, which extends the main result of [D. Hu and J. Wu, Planar graphs without intersecting [Formula: see text]-cycles are [Formula: see text]-choosable, Discrete Math. 340 (2017) 1788–1792].

(1,0)-Relaxed strong edge list coloring of planar graphs with girth 6

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950064
Author(s):  
Kai Lin ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Dong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Edge Coloring ◽  
List Coloring ◽  
Chromatic Index ◽  
Strong Chromatic Index ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Number Formula ◽  
Edge List

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph. An [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-coloring is a mapping [Formula: see text] such that for any edge [Formula: see text], there are at most [Formula: see text] edges adjacent to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] edges which are distance two apart from [Formula: see text] assigned the same color as [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong chromatic index, denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum number [Formula: see text] of an [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong [Formula: see text]-edge-coloring admitted by [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-colorable if for a given list assignment [Formula: see text], there exists an [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge coloring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-colorable for any list assignment with [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is said to be [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-choosable. The [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong list chromatic index, denoted by [Formula: see text], is defined to be the smallest integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-relaxed strong edge [Formula: see text]-choosable. In this paper, we prove that every planar graph [Formula: see text] with girth 6 satisfies that [Formula: see text]. This strengthens a result which says that every planar graph [Formula: see text] with girth 7 and [Formula: see text] satisfies that [Formula: see text].

r-Hued coloring of planar graphs without short cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050034
Author(s):  
Yuehua Bu ◽  
Xiaofang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Minimum Integer

A [Formula: see text]-hued coloring of a graph [Formula: see text] is a proper [Formula: see text]-coloring [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for any vertex [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-hued chromatic number of [Formula: see text], written [Formula: see text], is the minimum integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] has a [Formula: see text]-hued coloring. In this paper, we show that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a planar graph without [Formula: see text]-cycles or if [Formula: see text] is a planar graph without [Formula: see text]-cycles and no [Formula: see text]-cycle is intersect with [Formula: see text]-cycles, [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text].

Adjacent vertex distinguishing edge coloring of planar graphs without 3-cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050035
Author(s):  
Danjun Huang ◽  
Xiaoxiu Zhang ◽  
Weifan Wang ◽  
Stephen Finbow
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Edge Coloring ◽  
Discrete Math ◽  
Adjacent Vertex ◽  
Chromatic Index ◽  
Proper Edge Coloring ◽  
Minimum Number

The adjacent vertex distinguishing edge coloring of a graph [Formula: see text] is a proper edge coloring of [Formula: see text] such that the color sets of any pair of adjacent vertices are distinct. The minimum number of colors required for an adjacent vertex distinguishing edge coloring of [Formula: see text] is denoted by [Formula: see text]. It is observed that [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] contains two adjacent vertices of degree [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that if [Formula: see text] is a planar graph without 3-cycles, then [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we characterize the adjacent vertex distinguishing chromatic index for planar graphs of [Formula: see text] and without 3-cycles. This improves a result from [D. Huang, Z. Miao and W. Wang, Adjacent vertex distinguishing indices of planar graphs without 3-cycles, Discrete Math. 338 (2015) 139–148] that established [Formula: see text] for planar graphs without 3-cycles.

scholarly journals Distributed Coloring in Sparse Graphs with Fewer Colors

10.37236/8395 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Aboulker ◽  
Marthe Bonamy ◽  
Nicolas Bousquet ◽  
Louis Esperet
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Distributed Algorithm ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
List Coloring ◽  
Sparse Graphs ◽  
Four Color Theorem

This paper is concerned with efficiently coloring sparse graphs in the distributed setting with as few colors as possible. According to the celebrated Four Color Theorem, planar graphs can be colored with at most 4 colors, and the proof gives a (sequential) quadratic algorithm finding such a coloring. A natural problem is to improve this complexity in the distributed setting. Using the fact that planar graphs contain linearly many vertices of degree at most 6, Goldberg, Plotkin, and Shannon obtained a deterministic distributed algorithm coloring $n$-vertex planar graphs with 7 colors in $O(\log n)$ rounds. Here, we show how to color planar graphs with 6 colors in $\text{polylog}(n)$ rounds. Our algorithm indeed works more generally in the list-coloring setting and for sparse graphs (for such graphs we improve by at least one the number of colors resulting from an efficient algorithm of Barenboim and Elkin, at the expense of a slightly worst complexity). Our bounds on the number of colors turn out to be quite sharp in general. Among other results, we show that no distributed algorithm can color every $n$-vertex planar graph with 4 colors in $o(n)$ rounds.

Two results on K-(2,1)-total choosability of planar graphs

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050081
Author(s):  
Yan Song ◽  
Lei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Euler Characteristic ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Choice Number

The [Formula: see text]-total choice number of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-total choosable. It was proved in [Y. Yu, X. Zhang and G. Z. Liu, List (d,1)-total labeling of graphs embedded in surfaces, Oper. Res. Trans. 15(3) (2011) 29–37.] that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is a graph embedded in surface with Euler characteristic [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] big enough. In this paper, we prove that: (i) if [Formula: see text] is a planar graph with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-cycle is not adjacent to [Formula: see text]-cycle, [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]; (ii) if [Formula: see text] is a planar graph with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-cycle is not adjacent to [Formula: see text]-cycle, where [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text].

A new result of list 2-distance coloring of planar graphs with g(G) ≥ 5

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850044
Author(s):  
Tao Pan ◽  
Lei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Discrete Math ◽  
Distance Formula

It was proved in [Y. Bu and C. Shang, List 2-distance coloring of planar graphs without short cycles, Discrete Math. Algorithm. Appl. 8 (2016) 1650013] that for every planar graph with girth [Formula: see text] and maximum degree [Formula: see text] is list 2-distance [Formula: see text]-colorable. In this paper, we proved that: for every planar graph with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is list 2-distance [Formula: see text]-colorable.

scholarly journals Planar Graphs with the Distance of 6--Cycles at Least 2 from Each Other Are DP-3-Colorable

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Yueying Zhao ◽  
Lianying Miao
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
List Coloring

DP-coloring as a generalization of list coloring was introduced by Dvořák and Postle recently. In this paper, we prove that every planar graph in which the distance between 6−-cycles is at least 2 is DP-3-colorable, which extends the result of Yin and Yu [Discret. Math. 2019, 342, 2333–2341].

scholarly journals Path Choosability of Planar Graphs

10.37236/7139 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn G. Chappell ◽  
Chris Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Vertex Coloring ◽  
List Coloring ◽  
Outerplanar Graphs ◽  
Color Class ◽  
Path Coloring

A path coloring of a graph $G$ is a vertex coloring of $G$ such that each color class induces a disjoint union of paths. We consider a path-coloring version of list coloring for planar and outerplanar graphs. We show that if each vertex of a planar graph is assigned a list of $3$ colors, then the graph admits a path coloring in which each vertex receives a color from its list. We prove a similar result for outerplanar graphs and lists of size $2$.For outerplanar graphs we prove a multicoloring generalization. We assign each vertex of a graph a list of $q$ colors. We wish to color each vertex with $r$ colors from its list so that, for each color, the set of vertices receiving it induces a disjoint union of paths. We show that we can do this for all outerplanar graphs if and only if $q/r \ge 2$. For planar graphs we conjecture that a similar result holds with $q/r \ge 3$; we present partial results toward this conjecture.

scholarly journals On (p,1)-total labelling of plane graphs with independent crossings

Filomat ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Guizhen Liu ◽  
Yong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Discrete Math ◽  
Plane Graph ◽  
Plane Graphs ◽  
High Maximum ◽  
Crossed Pair ◽  
Large Girth

Two distinct crossings are independent if the end-vertices of the crossed pair of edges are mutually different. If a graph G has a drawing in the plane so that every two crossings are independent, then we call G a plane graph with independent crossings or IC-planar graph for short. In this paper, it is proved that the (p, 1)-total labelling number of every IC-planar graph G is at most ?(G) + 2p ? 2 provided that ?(G) ? ? and 1(G) ? 1, where (?, 1) ? {(6p + 2, 3), (4p + 2, 4), (2p + 5, 5)}. As a consequence, we generalize and improve some results obtained in [F. Bazzaro, M. Montassier, A. Raspaud, (d, 1)-Total labelling of planar graphs with large girth and high maximum degree, Discrete Math. 307 (2007) 2141-2151].

2-distance choice number of planar graphs with maximal degree no more than 4

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150051
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Zhou ◽  
Lei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Planar Graph ◽  
Planar Graphs ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Maximal Degree ◽  
Choice Number

Regarding the 2-[Formula: see text] coloring of planar graphs, in 1977, Wegner conjectured that for a graph [Formula: see text]: (1) [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. (2) [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. (3) [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we proved that for every planar graph with maximum degree [Formula: see text]: (1) [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. (2) [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text].

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