Effect of time interval between swallows on esophageal peristalsis

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (6) ◽  
pp. G485-G490 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ask ◽  
L. Tibbling
Keyword(s):  
High Amplitude ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Peristaltic Wave ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pressure Amplitude ◽  
Esophageal Peristalsis ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Different Parts

Esophageal peristaltic pressure amplitude, peristaltic incidence, speed of peristalsis, and wave duration were investigated as a function of swallow interval. In the distal half of the esophagus, the amplitude decreased at swallow intervals of 8 s and shorter. At intervals of 8 and 4 s, dropouts of contractions that were obtained were most frequent in the distal esophagus and for the 4-s interval. At continuous swallows no contractions were obtained below the upper esophageal sphincter until the end of the swallow sequence, after which a peristaltic wave of high amplitude propagated along the esophagus. The peristaltic speed increased toward a level 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter. The peristaltic wave duration was approximately the same in different parts of the esophagus and at different swallow intervals. The findings indicate an impairment of esophageal transport function by short swallow intervals.

scholarly journals Gender differences in proximal esophageal contractions

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Leda Maria Tavares Alves ◽  
Rachel de Aguiar Cassiani
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Manometric Method ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Esophageal Contraction

CONTEXT: There are reports showing that gender has an influence on swallowing and on the contractions of the distal esophageal body. OBJECTIVE: In this investigation we studied the effect of gender on proximal esophageal contraction. METHODS: We studied 20 men (22-68 years old, median 39 years) and 44 women (18-61 years old, median 41 years) without symptoms and without gastrointestinal or respiratory diseases. We measured the time interval between the onset of pharyngeal contraction 1 cm proximal to the upper esophageal sphincter and the onset of the proximal esophageal contraction 5 cm from the pharyngeal recording. We also measured the amplitude, duration and area under the curve of the proximal esophageal contractions. The recording was performed by the manometric method with continuous perfusion. The contractions were recorded in duplicate after swallows of a 5 mL bolus of water. RESULTS: There were no differences between men and women in the interval between the onset of pharyngeal and of esophageal contractions or in the amplitude of esophageal contractions. The duration of contractions was longer in women (2.35 ± 0.60 s) than in men (2.07 ± 0.62 s) but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.087). The area under the curve of the esophageal contraction was higher in women (130.2 ± 55.2 mm Hg x s) than in men (97.4 ± 49.4 mm Hg x s, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is a difference between men and women in the proximal esophageal contractions in response to wet swallows, although this difference is of no clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Esophageal Peristalsis Disorders in ALS Patients with Dysphagia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Jerzy Tomik ◽  
Klaudia Sowula ◽  
Mateusz Dworak ◽  
Kamila Stolcman ◽  
Małgorzata Maraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Manometry ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Peristalsis ◽  
Resting Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

To detect the variations of esophageal peristalsis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with predominantly bulbar or predominantly pseudobulbar clinical presentation by using esophageal manometry (EM). Fifteen ALS patients with pseudobulbar clinical presentation (PBP) and 13 patients with bulbar presentation (BP), fulfilling WFN Criteria, were studied. EM was performed in all subjects using a flexible catheter with solid-state transducers. Swallowing was initiated with 5 to 10 mL of water (wet swallows) and saliva (dry swallows) and repeated at 30 s intervals. The manometric parameters were measured automatically and visualized by the computer system. The tracings were analyzed using Synectics software. In PBP patients, an increase of resting pressure value in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) >45 mmHg, a wave-like course of resting pressure, and toothed peristaltic waves were observed. In BP patients, a low amplitude of peristaltic waves <30 mmHg (mean: 17 ± 5) was recorded, without signs of esophageal motility disturbance at onset or during progression. EM procedure allows objectively distinguishing dysphagia in ALS patients due to bulbar syndrome from the dysphagia due to pseudobulbar syndrome. It is important to identify PBP patients because of their high risk of aspiration.

Influence of Sleep Stages on Esophago-Upper Esophageal Sphincter Contractile Reflex and Secondary Esophageal Peristalsis

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmohan S. Bajaj ◽  
Shailesh Bajaj ◽  
Kulwinder S. Dua ◽  
Safwan Jaradeh ◽  
Tanya Rittmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Esophageal Peristalsis ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Mechanisms of reflexes induced by esophageal distension

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. G1246-G1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan M. Lang ◽  
Bidyut K. Medda ◽  
Reza Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Esophageal Peristalsis ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Secondary Peristalsis ◽  
Thoracic Vagotomy ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

We investigated the mechanisms of esophageal distension-induced reflexes in decerebrate cats. Slow air esophageal distension activated esophago-upper esophageal sphincter (UES) contractile reflex (EUCR) and secondary peristalsis (2P). Rapid air distension activated esophago-UES relaxation reflex (EURR), esophago-glottal closure reflex (EGCR), esophago-hyoid distraction reflex (EHDR), and esophago-esophagus contraction reflex (EECR). Longitudinal esophageal stretch did not activate these reflexes. Magnitude and timing of EUCR were related to 2P but not injected air volume. Cervical esophagus transection did not affect the threshold of any reflex. Bolus diversion prevented swallow-related esophageal peristalsis. Lidocaine or capsaicin esophageal perfusion, esophageal mucosal layer removal, or intravenous baclofen blocked or inhibited EURR, EGCR, EHDR, and EECR but not EUCR or 2P. Thoracic vagotomy blocked all reflexes. These six reflexes can be activated by esophageal distension, and they occur in two sets depending on inflation rate rather than volume. EUCR was independent of 2P, but 2P activated EUCR; therefore, EUCR may help prevent reflux during peristalsis. All esophageal peristalsis may be secondary to esophageal stimulation in the cat. EURR, EHDR, EGCR, and EECR may contribute to belching and are probably mediated by capsaicin-sensitive, rapidly adapting mucosal mechanoreceptors. GABA-B receptors also inhibit these reflexes. EUCR and 2P are probably mediated by slowly adapting muscular mechanoreceptors. All six reflexes are mediated by vagal afferent fibers.

Effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure on peristalsis in feline esophagus

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. G417-G425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ren ◽  
W. J. Dodds ◽  
C. J. Martin ◽  
R. O. Dantas ◽  
R. K. Mittal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Distal Esophagus ◽  
Peristaltic Wave ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Intragastric Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Peristalsis ◽  
Pressure Cuff ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Secondary Peristalsis

Our aim in this study was to determine the effect of variations in intrabolus pressure on esophageal peristalsis. In five cats, intrabolus pressure was altered by increasing intragastric pressure to 20-45 mmHg by use of a pressure cuff to compress the abdomen. In each cat, increases in intragastric pressure were associated with comparable increases in pressure of the esophageal bolus while the bolus was in the distal esophagus during esophageal peristalsis. Secondary peristalsis induced by a 5-ml injection of barium into the proximal esophagus was recorded by synchronized videofluoroscopy and esophageal manometry. Graded increases in intrabolus pressure caused an increased prevalence of ineffective, incomplete peristaltic sequences that did not completely clear barium from the esophagus. At intragastric pressures greater than 45 mmHg, 63% of the peristaltic sequences were incomplete. Increases in intrabolus pressure elicited by increased intragastric pressure also caused 1) slowing of the peristaltic wave in the distal esophagus, 2) increased pressure wave duration in the distal esophagus, 3) increased esophageal diameter, and 4) increased duration of lower esophageal sphincter opening. The incidence of retrograde bolus escape was inversely related to the difference between peristaltic wave amplitude and intrabolus pressure. A pressure difference of greater than 20 mmHg prevented retrograde barium escape at all esophageal levels, whereas a difference of less than 20 mmHg was generally associated with retrograde escape of barium in the distal esophagus. We conclude that an increase in intrabolus pressure causes an increase in esophageal distension that is transduced into alterations of esophageal peristalsis by either a myogenic or neural mechanism.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bolus Volume on Hyoid Kinematics in Healthy Swallowing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Nagy ◽  
Sonja M. Molfenter ◽  
Melanie Péladeau-Pigeon ◽  
Shauna Stokely ◽  
Catriona M. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Bolus Volume ◽  
Velocity Increase ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Laryngeal Vestibule ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Liquid Bolus

Hyoid movement in swallowing is biomechanically linked to closure of the laryngeal vestibule for airway protection and to opening of the upper esophageal sphincter. Studies suggest that the range of hyoid movement is highly variable in the healthy population. However, other aspects of hyoid movement such as velocity remain relatively unexplored. In this study, we analyze data from a sample of 20 healthy young participants (10 male) to determine whether hyoid movement distance, duration, velocity, and peak velocity vary systematically with increases in thin liquid bolus volume from 5 to 20 mL. The temporal correspondence between peak hyoid velocity and laryngeal vestibule closure was also examined. The results show that maximum hyoid position and peak velocity increase significantly for 20 mL bolus volumes compared to smaller volumes, and that the timing of peak velocity is closely linked to achieving laryngeal vestibule closure. This suggests that generating hyoid movements with increased power is a strategy for handling larger volumes.

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