Supersensitivity of denervated superior cervical ganglion to acetylcholine

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Chien
Keyword(s):  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nictitating Membrane ◽  
Indirect Determination ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic Trunk ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
Two Sides

The supersensitivity of denervated superior cervical ganglion to acetylcholine was studied in cats at 2 weeks after the section of cervical sympathetic trunk on one side, with the other side as a control. The control ganglion required about four times as much of acetylcholine as the denervated side, in order to release the same amount of norepinephrine at the postganglionic endings. The relative quantity of norepinephrine released on acetylcholine administration to ganglia was determined indirectly by using the in vivo nictitating membrane as an indicator, whose responses to various doses of norepinephrine had been calibrated. The validity of such indirect determination of norepinephrine was shown by experiments in which the eyeballs were removed or the lever magnifications were made unequal. With control cats in which both cervical sympathetic trunks were cut acutely, the sensitivity of the ganglia on two sides to acetylcholine was almost equal.

scholarly journals On the effects of joining the cervical sympathetic nerve with the chorda tympani.

1904 ◽  
Vol 73 (488-496) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
John Newport Langley ◽  
Hugh Kerr Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic Nerve

It is well known that the cervical sympathetic nerve and the chorda tympani have opposite actions upon the blood-vessels of the sub-maxillary gland, the former causing contraction of the vessels, and the latter, dilatation. Evidence has been given by one of us that the chorda tympani if united with the cervical sympathetic, can in time make connection with the nerve cells of the superior cervical ganglion and become in part vaso-constrictor fibres. Our experiments have been directed to determine whether the cervical sympathetic if allowed an opportunity of becoming connected with the peripheral nerve cells in the course of the chorda tympani will in part change their function from vaso-constrictor to vaso-dilator. Two experiments were made on anæsthetised cats, both give similar results, but one was much more conclusive on the point at issue than the other, and here we shall speak of that only. The superior cervical ganglion was excised and the central end of the cervical sympathetic nerve was joined to the peripheral end of the lingual, which contains the chorda tympani fibres. After allowing time for union and regeneration of the nerves, the cervical sympathetic was stimulated; it caused prompt flushing of the sub-maxillary glands, and the effect was repeatedly obtained.

Pre- and postsynaptic components of nicotinic long-term potentiation in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Morales ◽  
M. Bachoo ◽  
B. Collier ◽  
C. Polosa
Keyword(s):  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Postsynaptic Membrane ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Nictitating Membrane ◽  
Ach Release ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic

1. In anesthetized, atropine-treated cats we measured the acetylcholine (ACh) release into the venous effluent of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and the nictitating membrane (NM) contraction evoked by a 2-Hz, 20-s test train to the ipsilateral cervical sympathetic trunk (CST). We also measured NM contraction produced by injection of ACh (50 micrograms) or 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP, 5 micrograms) into the arterial supply of the ipsilateral SCG. 2. After a 10- to 30-s, 40-Hz conditioning train to CST these responses were all potentiated. The potentiation of the NM response evoked by the test train or by the exogenous agonists was long lasting (90% decay in 64 +/- 10 min, mean +/- SE, for the train-evoked response; 42 +/- 9 min for the response to injected ACh; 61 +/- 18 min for the response to injected DMPP), whereas the potentiation of the ACh release lasted only for 9 min. 3. On the assumption that ACh and DMPP injected into the ganglionic arterial supply acted postsynaptically, these data suggest that the main mechanism of the long-term potentiation (LTP) of nicotinic transmission in SCG is an increase in postsynaptic responsiveness. Because the response to KCl (250 micrograms) injected into the ganglionic arterial supply was not potentiated after the conditioning train, a posttrain increase in excitability of the postsynaptic membrane is not likely to be the cause of the postsynaptic increased responsiveness to ACh and DMPP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Modulated long-term potentiation in the cat superior cervical ganglion in vivo

1991 ◽  
Vol 544 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alonso-deFlorida ◽  
Miguel A. Morales ◽  
A.A. Minzoni
Keyword(s):  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Cervical Ganglion

CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN MICE: FAILURE OF PENTOBARBITAL-MORPHINE TO BLOCK THE EFFECT OF NON-SPECIFIC STRESS

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Rerup
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Hypothalamic Extract ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Hormonal System

ABSTRACT Corticotrophin release in mice was determined from plasma free corticosteroid levels. The blocking effect of dexamethasone against non-specific stress was compared with that of pentobarbital-morphine. In marked contrast to the findings in the rat, pentobarbital-morphine pretreatment in mice did not prevent the activation of the pituitary-adrenal hormonal system, following the non-specific stress of histamine injection. Pentobarbital-morphine thus does not render the mouse a specific in vivo preparation for the determination of corticotrophin releasing activity (CRA). Dexamethasone, on the other hand, appears to be effective in blocking corticotrophin release due to non-specific stress and allowed of activation of the pituitary-adrenal system after intravenous injection of vasopressin and hypothalamic extract only. The steroid had no direct effect on the adenohypophysis.

The Actions of Polymyxin B and Histamine on Ganglionic Transmission

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Brezenoff ◽  
S. B. Gertner
Keyword(s):  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Nictitating Membrane ◽  
Contrast Administration ◽  
Blocking Effects ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Ganglionic Transmission ◽  
Higher Doses

The ganglionic effects of histamine and the histamine-liberating agent polymyxin B were studied in the cat. Nictitating membrane contractions and postganglionic action potentials were used to monitor the actions of these drugs on the superior cervical ganglion. Close arterial injections of low doses of histamine (1 μg) directly stimulated the ganglion while considerably higher doses (above 300 μg) caused a block of transmission. The two effects were due to separate and independent mechanisms. In contrast, administration of polymyxin B (100–500 μg) only caused ganglion block.The effects of histamine on the ganglion were prevented by chlorpheniramine while those of polymyxin B were potentiated by this antihistamine. The results of this study indicate that the ganglion blocking effects of polymyxin B are not mediated by released ganglionic histamine.

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