Vascular resistance arm of the baroreflex: methodology and comparison with the cardiac chronotropic arm

Baroreflex response consists of several arms, but the cardiac chronotropic arm (blood pressure changes evoking heart rate response) is usually analyzed. This study introduces a method to assess the vascular baroreflex arm with the continuous noninvasive measurement of peripheral vascular resistance as an output considering causality in the interaction between oscillations and slower dynamics of vascular tone changes. We conclude that although vascular baroreflex arm involvement becomes dominant during orthostasis, gain of this interaction is relatively stable.

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Cardiovascular actions of beta-phenylethylamine

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1979.236.4.h592 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 236 (4) ◽

pp. H592-H595

Author(s):

C. S. Liang ◽

D. Sprecher

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽

Adrenergic Nerve ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Vascular Effects ◽

Aortic Blood ◽

Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽

Aortic Blood Pressure

beta-Phenylethylamine increased mean aortic blood pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance, left ventricular dP/dt, and (dP/dt)/P in chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Pretreatment with phentolamine reduced the increases in aortic blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance produced by beta-phenylethylamine, whereas, the effects of beta-phenylethylamine on left ventricular dP/dt and (dP/dt)/P were abolished by propranolol. beta-Phenylethylamine pretreatment, but increased both after phentolamine pretreatment. Furthermore, both the cardiac and vascular effects of beta-phenylethylamine were abolished by desipramine. These results indicate that beta-phenylethylamine exerts both positive inotropic and vasoconstrictory effects, probably by releasing endogenous norepinephrine from the adrenergic nerve endings.

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Coevolution of the rennin–angiotensin system and the nervous control of blood circulation

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z84-022 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 137-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John X. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Blood Volume ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

Arterial Blood

The mammalian renin–angiotensin system appears to be involved in the maintenance of blood volume and pressure because (i) sodium depletion, hypovolemia, and hypotension increase renin levels, and (ii) administration of exogenous angiotensin II rapidly increases mineralocorticoid and antidiuretic hormone production, transepithelial ion transport, drinking behavior, and peripheral vascular resistance. Are these also the physiological properties of the renin–angiotensin system in nonmammalian species? Signals for altered levels of renin activity have yet to be conclusively identified in nonmammalian vertebrates, but circulating renin levels are elevated by hypotension in teleost fish and birds. Systemic injection of angiotensin II causes an increase in arterial blood pressure in all the vertebrates studied, suggesting that barostatic control is a universal function of this hormone. Angiotensin II alters vascular tone by direct action on arteriolar muscles in some species, but at concentrations of the hormone which probably are unphysiological. More generally, angiotensin II increases blood pressure indirectly, by acting on the sympathetic nervous system. Catecholamines, derived from chromaffin cells and (or) from peripheral adrenergic nerves, mediate some portion of the vasopressor response to angiotensin II in cyclostomes, elasmobranchs, teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. Alteration of sympathetic outflow is a prevalent mechanism through which the renin–angiotensin system may integrate blood volume, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance to achieve control of blood pressure and adequate perfusion of tissues.

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Dilazep Reduces Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Resistance

InPharma ◽

10.1007/bf03308220 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 635 (1) ◽

pp. 16-16

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽

Peripheral Vascular

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FEATURES OF CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS OF YOUNG ADULTS DEPENDING ON VARIATIONS OF ACTUAL HEART RATE

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2018-304-7-27-30 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

A.P. Spitsyn ◽

N.E. Kushkova ◽

E.V. Kolodkina

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽

Normal Heart ◽

Central Hemodynamics ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Heart Rates ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Diastolic Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Simple Parameter

Indicators of systemic hemodynamics were evaluated. Those were blood pressure (BP), shock volume of the blood (SVB), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), cardiac index (CI) and others. They were evaluated in 41 students. Their age was between 21 and 26 years. It was determined that the majority of central hemodynamics indicators importantly depend on the character of differences of actual frequency of heart rates and their meanings. The most important indicators of hemodynamics such as shock volume of the blood and heart index were lower and diastolic arterial blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance were higher in people with heart rates higher than required normal heart rates. Important peculiarities of correlative interconnections between parameters of central hemodynemics depending on heart rates were revealed. The above peculiarities of hemodynemics depending on the character of differences of actual and normal heart rates confirm the importance of evaluation and understanding of such a simple parameter.

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