Comparison of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopes in Vomitus and Hematemesis Settings: A Randomized Simulation Trial

Background.Videolaryngoscopes may not be useful in the presence of hematemesis or vomitus. We compared the utility of the Macintosh laryngoscope (McL), which is a direct laryngoscope, with that of the Pentax-AWS Airwayscope (AWS) and McGRATH MAC (McGRATH), which are videolaryngoscopes, in simulated hematemesis and vomitus settings.Methods.Seventeen anesthesiologists with more than 1 year of experience performed tracheal intubation on an adult manikin using McL, AWS, and McGRATH under normal, hematemesis, and vomitus simulations.Results.In the normal setting, the intubation success rate was 100% for all three laryngoscopes. In the hematemesis settings, the intubation success rate differed significantly among the three laryngoscopes (P=0.021). In the vomitus settings, all participants succeeded in tracheal intubation with McL or McGRATH, while five failed in the AWS trial with significant difference (P=0.003). The intubation time did not significantly differ in normal settings, while it was significantly longer in the AWS trial compared to McL or McGRATH trial in the hematemesis or vomitus settings (P<0.001, compared to McL or McGRATH in both settings).Conclusion.The performance of McGRATH and McL can be superior to that of AWS for tracheal intubation in vomitus and hematemesis settings in adults.

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Utility of a Gum-Elastic Bougie for Difficult Airway Management in Infants: A Simulation-Based Crossover Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/617805 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nobuyasu Komasawa ◽

Akira Hyoda ◽

Sayuri Matsunami ◽

Nozomi Majima ◽

Toshiaki Minami

Keyword(s):

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Airway Management ◽

Success Rate ◽

Difficult Airway Management ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Simulation Based ◽

Intubation Success ◽

Intubation Success Rate ◽

Crossover Analysis ◽

Airway Model

Background.Direct laryngoscopy with the Miller laryngoscope (Mil) for infant tracheal intubation is often difficult to use even for skilled professionals. We performed a simulation trial evaluating the utility of a tracheal tube introducer (gum-elastic bougie (GEB)) in a simulated, difficult infant airway model. Methods.Fifteen anesthesiologists performed tracheal intubation on an infant manikin at three different degrees of difficulty (normal [Cormack-Lehane grades (Cormack) 1-2], cervical stabilization [Cormack 2-3], and anteflexion [Cormack 3-4]) with or without a GEB, intubation success rate, and intubation time.Results.In the normal and cervical stabilization trials, all intubation attempts were successful regardless of whether or not the GEB was used. In contrast, only one participant succeeded in tracheal intubation without the GEB in the anteflexion trial; the success rate significantly improved with the GEB (P=0.005). Intubation time did not significantly change under the normal trial with or without the GEB (without, 12.7 ± 3.8 seconds; with, 13.4 ± 3.6 seconds) but was significantly shorter in the cervical stabilization and anteflexion trials with the GEB.Conclusion.GEB use shortened the intubation time and improved the success rate of difficult infant tracheal intubation by anesthesiologists in simulations.

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Macintosh laryngoscope, i-view™, and C-MAC® video laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation with an aerosol box: A randomized, crossover, manikin study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-90522/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Toshiyuki Nakanishi ◽

Yoshiki Sento ◽

Yuji Kamimura ◽

Kazuya Sobue

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Success Rate ◽

Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽

Video Laryngoscope ◽

Interquartile Range ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Lehane Grade ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Difficulty Scale

Abstract Background: The aerosol box was designed to prevent cough droplets from spreading, but it can impede tracheal intubation. We tested the hypothesis that the C-MAC® video laryngoscope (C-MAC) with an external display is more useful than the i-view™ video laryngoscope (i-view) with an integrated display, or a Macintosh direct laryngoscope (Macintosh) for tracheal intubation with an aerosol box.Methods: This prospective, randomized, crossover simulation study was conducted at an operating room of the two hospitals (a university hospital and a tertiary teaching hospital). We recruited 37 medical personnel (36 anesthesiologists and 1 dental anesthesiologist) who were working in the fields of anesthesia and intensive care with > 2 years of dedicated anesthesia experience from five hospitals. We divided the participants into six groups to use the laryngoscope in a determined order. After the training using each laryngoscope without a box, the participants performed tracheal intubation thrice with each laryngoscope with at least two-hour intervals. The primary outcome was the intubation time. The secondary outcomes were the success rate, Cormack-Lehane grade, and subjective difficulty scale score (numeric rating scale 0–10, 0: no difficulty, 10: highest difficulty). We used the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni adjustment. Data are shown as median [interquartile range].Results: Thirty-seven personnel (11 women and 26 men) with 12 [5–19] (median [interquartile range]) years of anesthesia and intensive care experience were enrolled. There was no significant difference in the intubation time: 30 [26–32] s for Macintosh, 29 [26–32] s for i-view, and 29 [25–31] s for C-MAC (P=0.247). The success rate was 95%–100% without significant difference (P=0.135). The i-view and C-MAC video laryngoscopes exhibited superior Cormack-Lehane grades and lower subjective difficulty scale scores than the Macintosh laryngoscope; however, there were no differences between the i-view and C-MAC video laryngoscopes.Conclusions: Rapid and highly successful tracheal intubation was possible with Macintosh laryngoscope, i-view, and C-MAC video laryngoscopes on a manikin with an aerosol box. Improved Cormack-Lehane grade and ease of procedure may support the use of video laryngoscopes.Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, identifier UMIN000040269.

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Comparison of Different Intubation Methods in Difficult Airways during Simulated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Continuous Chest Compression: A Randomized Cross-Over Manikin Trial

Emergency Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2019/7306204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Togay Evrin ◽

Jacek Smereka ◽

Damian Gorczyca ◽

Szymon Bialka ◽

Jerzy Robert Ladny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Airway Management ◽

Success Rate ◽

Endotracheal Intubation ◽

Chest Compression ◽

Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Intubation Success ◽

Intubation Success Rate ◽

Difficult Airways

Introduction. Airway management is one of key elements of resuscitation. Endotracheal intubation is still considered the gold standard for airway management during resuscitation. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare success rates and intubation time of different endotracheal intubation methods during emergency intubation with difficult airways in the conditions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a standardized manikin model. Methods. The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, cross-over simulation study. It involved 46 paramedics with at least 5 years of experience in Emergency Medical Service. The participants performed endotracheal intubation under difficult airway conditions during continuous chest compression, implemented with the LUCAS3 chest compression system. Three methods of tracheal intubation were applied: (1) standard Macintosh laryngoscope without a bougie stylet; (2) standard laryngoscope and a standard bougie stylet; (3) standard laryngoscope and a new bougie stylet. Results. The overall intubation success rate was 100% in the standard bougie and new bougie groups and lower (86.9%) when no bougie stylet was used (P=0.028). The intubation success rate with the 1st attempt equalled 91.3% for the new bougie group, 73.9% for standard bougie, and only 23.9% in the no-bougie group. The median intubation time was shortest in the new bougie group, where it amounted to 29 s (interquartile range [IQR]: 25–38); the time equalled 38s (IQR:31–44.5) in the standard bougie group and 47.5s (IQR:36–58) in the no-bougie group. The ease of use was lowest in the no-bougie group (85, IQR:63–88), average in the standard bougie group (44, IQR:30–51), and highest in the new bougie stylet group (32, IQR:19–41). Conclusion. In this manikin-based study, paramedics were able to perform endotracheal intubation with higher efficacy and in a shorter time using the new bougie stylet as compared with the standard bougie stylet.

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Macintosh laryngoscope and i-view™ and C-MAC® video laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation with an aerosol box: a randomized crossover manikin study

JA Clinical Reports ◽

10.1186/s40981-021-00455-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Toshiyuki Nakanishi ◽

Yoshiki Sento ◽

Yuji Kamimura ◽

Kazuya Sobue

Keyword(s):

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Success Rate ◽

Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽

Video Laryngoscope ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Care Experience ◽

Manikin Study ◽

Lehane Grade ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Difficulty Scale

Abstract Background We tested the hypothesis that the C-MAC® video laryngoscope (C-MAC) with an external display is more useful than the disposable i-view™ video laryngoscope (i-view) with an integrated display or a Macintosh direct laryngoscope (Macintosh) for tracheal intubation with an aerosol box. Methods In this randomized, crossover manikin study, we recruited 37 medical personnel with > 2 years of dedicated anesthesia experience from five hospitals. After the three successful intubations within 60 s using each laryngoscope without a box, the participants performed tracheal intubation thrice with each laryngoscope with at least 2-h intervals in a determined order. The primary outcome was the intubation time. The secondary outcomes were success rate, Cormack-Lehane grade, and subjective difficulty scale score. Results Thirty-seven personnel (11 women and 26 men) with 12 [5–19] (median [interquartile range]) years of anesthesia and intensive care experience were enrolled. There was no significant difference in the intubation time: 30 [26–32] s for Macintosh, 29 [26–32] s for i-view, and 29 [25–31] s for C-MAC (P = 0.247). The success rate was 95–100%, without a significant difference (P = 0.135). The i-view and C-MAC exhibited superior Cormack-Lehane grades and lower subjective difficulty scale scores than the Macintosh; however, there were no differences between the i-view and C-MAC. Conclusions Rapid and highly successful tracheal intubation was possible with both Macintosh, i-view, and C-MAC on a normal airway manikin in an aerosol box. Improved Cormack-Lehane grade and the ease of performing the procedure may support the use of video laryngoscopes. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000040269. Registered 30 April 2020.

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Comparison of i-Gel as a Conduit for Intubation between under Fiberoptic Guidance and Blind Endotracheal Intubation during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Randomized Simulation Study

Emergency Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2019/8913093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Hyun Young Choi ◽

Wonhee Kim ◽

Yong Soo Jang ◽

Gu Hyun Kang ◽

Jae Guk Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Endotracheal Intubation ◽

Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Chest Compressions ◽

Intubation Technique ◽

Endotracheal Tubes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc

Purpose. This study aimed to compare intubation performances among i-gel blind intubation (IGI), i-gel bronchoscopic intubation (IBRI), and intubation using Macintosh laryngoscope (MCL) applying two kinds of endotracheal tube during chest compressions. We hypothesized that IGI using wire-reinforced silicone (WRS) tube could achieve endotracheal intubation most rapidly and successfully. Methods. In 23 emergency physicians, a prospective randomized crossover manikin study was conducted to examine the three intubation techniques using two kinds of endotracheal tubes. The primary outcome was the intubation time. The secondary outcome was the cumulative success rate for each intubation technique. A significant difference was considered when identifying p<0.05 between two devices or p<0.017 in post hoc analysis of the comparison among three devices. Results. The mean intubation time using IGI was shorter (p<0.017) than that of using IBRI and MCL in both endotracheal tubes (17.6 vs. 29.3 vs. 20.2 in conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube; 14.6 vs. 27.4 vs. 19.9 in WRS tube; sec). There were no significant (p<0.05) differences between PVC and WRS tubes for each intubation technique. The intubation time to reach 100% cumulative success rate was also shorter in IGI (p<0.017) than that in IBRI and MCL in both PVC and WRS tubes. Conclusions. IGI was an equally successful and faster technique compared with IBRI or MCL regardless of the use of PVC or WRS tube. IGI might be an appropriate technique for emergent intubation by experienced intubators during chest compressions.

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¿Podría ser la videolaringoscopia la técnica de elección para intubación con paciente despierto?

Revista Electrónica AnestesiaR ◽

10.30445/rear.v11i5.748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Beatriz Pilo Carbajo ◽

Juan Ricardo Caro González ◽

Juan Pedro Macías Pingarrón ◽

Roberto Bajo Pesini

Keyword(s):

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Success Rate ◽

Risk Ratio ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Quality Evidence

La intubación orotraqueal (IOT) con fibrobroncoscopio es a menudo considerada la técnica de elección cuando nos encontramos ante una vía aérea difícil prevista. Sin embargo, los videolaringoscopios se usan con más frecuencia. Se realizaron búsquedas en la literatura actual y se realizó un metaanálisis para comparar el uso de la videolaringoscopia y la fibrobroncoscopia para la intubación traqueal despierta. El principal objetivo fue el tiempo necesario para intubación. Los objetivos secundarios incluyeron: intubación fallida; la tasa de intubación exitosa en el primer intento; satisfacción informada por el paciente con la técnica; y cualquier complicación resultante de la intubación. Ocho estudios donde se examinaron a 429 pacientes se incluyeron en esta revisión. El tiempo de intubación fue más corto cuando se utilizó la videolaringoscopia en lugar de la fibrobroncoscopia (siete ensayos, 408 participantes, diferencia significativa [IC del 95%] 45,7 (66,0 a 25,4) s, p <0,0001, bajo nivel de evidencia). No hubo diferencias significativas entre las dos técnicas en la tasa de fracaso (seis estudios, 355 participantes, riesgo relativo [IC 95%] 1,01 (0,24-4,35), p = 0,99, bajo nivel de evidencia) o la tasa de éxito de primer intento (seis estudios, 391 participantes, riesgo relativo (IC 95%) 1,01 (0,95-1,06), p = 0,8, nivel de evidencia moderado). El nivel de satisfacción del paciente fue similar entre ambos grupos. No se encontraron diferencias en los eventos adversos informados: ronquera / dolor de garganta (tres estudios, 167 participantes, riesgo relativo [IC 95%] 1,07 (0,62-1,85), p = 0,81, bajo nivel de evidencia) y baja saturación de oxígeno (cinco estudios, 337 participantes, riesgo relativo (IC 95%) 0,49 (0,22-1.12), p = 0,09, bajo nivel de evidencia). En resumen, la videolaringoscopia para la intubación traqueal despierta se asocia con un tiempo de intubación más corto. También parece tener una tasa de éxito y un perfil de seguridad comparable a la fibrobroncoscopia. ABSTRACT Could videolaryngoscopy be the chosen technique for awaken patient intubation? Awake fibreoptic intubation is often considered the technique of choice when a difficult airway is anticipated. However, videolaryngoscopes are being used more commonly. We searched the current literature and performed a meta-analysis to compare the use of videolaryngoscopy and fibreoptic bronchoscopy for awake tracheal intubation. Our primary outcome was the time needed to intubate the patient’s trachea. Secondary outcomes included: failed intubation; the rate of successful intubation at the first attempt; patient-reported satisfaction with the technique; and any complications resulting from intubation. Eight studies examining 429 patients were included in this review. The intubation time was shorter when videolaryngoscopy was used instead of fibreoptic bronchoscopy (seven trials, 408 participants, mean difference(95%CI) - 45.7 (- 66.0 to -25.4) s, p<0.0001, low-quality evidence). There was no significant difference between the two techniques in the failure rate (six studies, 355 participants, risk ratio (95%CI) 1.01 (0.24–4.35), p=0.99, low-quality evidence) or the first-attempt success rate (six studies, 391 participants, risk ratio (95%CI) 1.01 (0.95–1.06), p=0.8, moderate quality evidence). The level of patient satisfaction was similar between both groups. No difference was found in two reported adverse events: hoarseness/sore throat (three studies, 167 participants, risk ratio (95%CI) 1.07 (0.62–1.85), p=0.81, low-quality evidence),and low oxygen saturation (five studies, 337 participants, risk ratio (95%CI) 0.49 (0.22–1.12), p=0.09,low-quality evidence). In summary, videolaryngoscopy for awake tracheal intubation is associated with a shorter intubation time. It also seems to have a success rate and safety profile comparable to fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

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Comparisons of the Pentax-AWS, Glidescope, and Macintosh Laryngoscopes for Intubation Performance during Mechanical Chest Compressions in Left Lateral Tilt: A Randomized Simulation Study of Maternal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/975649 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sanghyun Lee ◽

Wonhee Kim ◽

Hyunggoo Kang ◽

Jaehoon Oh ◽

Tae Ho Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Airway Management ◽

Success Rate ◽

Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Lateral Tilt ◽

Glottic View ◽

Advanced Airway ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Maternal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Purpose. Rapid advanced airway management is important in maternal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to compare intubation performances among Pentax-AWS (AWS), Glidescope (GVL), and Macintosh laryngoscope (MCL) during mechanical chest compression in 15° and 30° left lateral tilt.Methods. In 19 emergency physicians, a prospective randomized crossover study was conducted to examine the three laryngoscopes. Primary outcomes were the intubation time and the success rate for intubation.Results. The median intubation time using AWS was shorter than that of GVL and MCL in both tilt degrees. The time to visualize the glottic view in GVL and AWS was significantly lower than that of MCL (allP<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the two video laryngoscopes (in 15° tilt,P=1; in 30° tilt,P=0.71). The progression of tracheal tube using AWS was faster than that of MCL and GVL in both degrees (allP<0.001). Intubations using AWS and GVL showed higher success rate than that of Macintosh laryngoscopes.Conclusions. The AWS could be an appropriate laryngoscope for airway management of pregnant women in tilt CPR considering intubation time and success rate.

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Comparison of ILMA Guided Tracheal Intubation in the Lateral Position with the Supine Position

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v3i4.5667 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Manish Naithani ◽

Kirti N Saxena ◽

Prachi Gaba ◽

C K Dua

Keyword(s):

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Success Rate ◽

Supine Position ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Medical Science ◽

Mucosal Injury ◽

Lateral Position ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Intubation Time ◽

Intubation Success

Background: The ILMA has been established as a valuable airway management device in the supine position, in both elective and emergency situations, for both ventilation and intubation. Intubation in lateral position might be necessary in some congenital syndromes, morbid obesity, or after accidental extubation in laterally positioned patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate the ILMA for intubation of patients in the lateral position and compare it with intubation in the supine position. Aims: To determine and compare the success rate, time taken, and complications of intubation with the ILMA in the lateral versus supine position. Settings and Design: Prospective, clinical investigation, in a tertiary level, multispecialty hospital. Methods and Material: Seventy ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups of 35 patients each. The groups F1 and F2 consisted of patients who were intubated with the ILMA in the supine and lateral positions, respectively. The comparison of the two positions was based on: success of intubation, success at first attempt, number of attempts, intubation time, and incidences of oesophageal intubation, oxygen desaturation, mucosal injury and postoperative sore throat. Statistical Analysis used: The data was analysed, and for comparison of mean between two groups, unpaired student “t”-test was applied. ?2-test or Fischer exact test were applied for categorical variables like number of attempts, incidence of mucosal injury etc. Results: The intubation success rate was 100% in both positions. The success rate of intubation in the first attempt was 97.1% in supine, and 94.3% in the lateral position, and was comparable. The average intubation time was significantly more in the lateral, as compared to the supine position (45.82 versus 38.51 seconds). The incidence of intra, and post-operative complications was low in both the positions. Conclusion: These results suggest that the ILMA is a useful device for tracheal intubation in the lateral position. The difference in intubation time, though significantly more (statistically) in the lateral as compared to the supine position, had little clinical relevance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i4.5667 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.3(4) 2012 pp.32-38

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A Comparison of Paramedic First Pass Endotracheal Intubation Success Rate of the VividTrac VT-A 100, GlideScope Ranger, and Direct Laryngoscopy Under Simulated Prehospital Cervical Spinal Immobilization Conditions in a Cadaveric Model

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x17006872 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 621-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ryan Hodnick ◽

Tony Zitek ◽

Kellen Galster ◽

Stephen Johnson ◽

Bryan Bledsoe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Endotracheal Intubation ◽

Direct Laryngoscopy ◽

Intubation Attempt ◽

Spinal Immobilization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Intubation Success ◽

First Pass ◽

Intubation Success Rate ◽

Cadaveric Model

AbstractObjectiveThe primary goal of this study was to compare paramedic first pass success rate between two different video laryngoscopes and direct laryngoscopy (DL) under simulated prehospital conditions in a cadaveric model.MethodsThis was a non-randomized, group-controlled trial in which five non-embalmed, non-frozen cadavers were intubated under prehospital spinal immobilization conditions using DL and with both the GlideScope Ranger (GL; Verathon Inc, Bothell, Washington USA) and the VividTrac VT-A100 (VT; Vivid Medical, Palo Alto, California USA). Participants had to intubate each cadaver with each of the three devices (DL, GL, or VT) in a randomly assigned order. Paramedics were given 31 seconds for an intubation attempt and a maximum of three attempts per device to successfully intubate each cadaver. Confirmation of successful endotracheal intubation (ETI) was confirmed by one of the six on-site physicians.ResultsSuccessful ETI within three attempts across all devices occurred 99.5% of the time overall and individually 98.5% of the time for VT, 100.0% of the time for GL, and 100.0% of the time for DL. First pass success overall was 64.4%. Individually, first pass success was 60.0% for VT, 68.8% for GL, and 64.5% for DL. A chi-square test revealed no statistically significant difference amongst the three devices for first pass success rates (P=.583). Average time to successful intubation was 42.2 seconds for VT, 38.0 seconds for GL, and 33.7 for seconds for DL. The average number of intubation attempts for each device were as follows: 1.48 for VT, 1.40 for GL, and 1.42 for DL.ConclusionThe was no statistically significant difference in first pass or overall successful ETI rates between DL and video laryngoscopy (VL) with either the GL or VT (adult).HodnickR, ZitekT, GalsterK, JohnsonS, BledsoeB, EbbsD. A comparison of paramedic first pass endotracheal intubation success rate of the VividTrac VT-A 100, GlideScope Ranger, and direct laryngoscopy under simulated prehospital cervical spinal immobilization conditions in a cadaveric model. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):621–624.

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