scholarly journals Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Sleep EEG Characteristics in Patients with Primary Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Guangfa Wang ◽  
Jue Zhang ◽  
Jing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Eeg Spectral Analysis ◽  
Cpap Treatment ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

This study aimed to investigate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of patients with primary central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS). Nine patients with primary CSAS were enrolled in this study. The raw sleep EEG data were analyzed based on two main factors: fractal dimension (FD) and zero-crossing rate of detrended FD. Additionally, conventional EEG spectral analysis in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands was conducted using a fast Fourier transform. The FD in patients with primary CSAS who underwent CPAP treatment was significantly decreased during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep but increased during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ( p < 0.05 ). Regarding the EEG spectral analysis, the alpha power increased, while the delta/alpha ratio decreased during REM sleep in patients with CSAS ( p < 0.05 ). In conclusion, CPAP treatment can reduce FD in NREM sleep and increase FD during REM sleep in patients with primary CSAS. FD may be used as a new biomarker of EEG stability and improvement in brain function after CPAP treatment for primary CSAS.

scholarly journals Health Preference Measures in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Undergoing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: Data from a Randomized Trial

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-338
Author(s):  
Fabienne L. Huber ◽  
Michael Furian ◽  
Malcolm Kohler ◽  
Tsogyal D. Latshang ◽  
Yvonne Nussbaumer-Ochsner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Standard Gamble ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Health Preference ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

<b><i>Background:</i></b> In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the preference-based, health-related quality of life in terms of utility has not been extensively studied. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To address this point, we compared the performance of different instruments assessing utility in patients with OSAS undergoing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Data of 208 patients with OSAS (28 women, mean ± SE age 54.4 ± 0.7 years, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 51.9 ± 1.8/h, Epworth sleepiness score 13.4 ± 0.2) participating in a randomized trial of different CPAP modalities over 2 years were analyzed. Evaluations included sleep studies, Epworth sleepiness scale, and several utility instruments that measure subjective health preference on a scale ranging from 1 (most preferred and perfect health) to 0 (least preferred and very poor health). <b><i>Results:</i></b> After 2 years of CPAP therapy, the mean ± SE AHI was 6.7 ± 1.5/h and Epworth score 7.9 ± 0.4, both <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001 versus baseline. Baseline utilities and changes (95% confidence interval) after 2 years of CPAP therapy were EuroQol 5-dimensions 0.79 ± 0.01, 0.02 (0.00–0.05, <i>p</i> = 0.064); short-form 6-dimension medical outcome questionnaire 0.72 ± 0.01, 0.06 (0.04–0.08, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001); Euro-thermometer visual analog scale 0.70 ± 0.01, 0.09 (0.07–0.12, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001); time trade-off 0.82 ± 0.01, 0.03 (0.01–0.06, <i>p</i> = 0.002); and standard gamble 0.82 ± 0.01, −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.712). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The short-form 6-dimensions questionnaire, the Euro-thermometer, and the time trade-off instruments reflected the major clinical improvements in OSAS, while the EuroQoL 5-dimensions and standard gamble tests were not sensitive to CPAP effects. These results indicate that the evaluation of utility of a treatment for OSAS depends critically on the instrument used, which is important from an individual and societal perspective.

Sleep Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhansu Chokroverty
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Mechanism

Recent research has generated an enormous fund of knowledge about the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness. Sleeping and waking brain circuits can now be studied by sophisticated neuroimaging techniques that map different areas of the brain during different sleep states and stages. Although the exact biologic functions of sleep are not known, sleep is essential, and sleep deprivation leads to impaired attention and decreased performance. Sleep is also believed to have restorative, conservative, adaptive, thermoregulatory, and consolidative functions. This review discusses the physiology of sleep, including its two independent states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, as well as functional neuroanatomy, physiologic changes during sleep, and circadian rhythms. The classification and diagnosis of sleep disorders are discussed generally. The diagnosis and treatment of the following disorders are described: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy-cataplexy sydrome, idiopathic hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements in sleep, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, insomnias, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and parasomnias. Sleep-related movement disorders and the relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders are also discussed. Tables describe behavioral and physiologic characteristics of states of awareness, the international classification of sleep disorders, common sleep complaints, comorbid insomnia disorders, causes of excessive daytime somnolence, laboratory tests to assess sleep disorders, essential diagnostic criteria for RLS and Willis-Ekbom disease, and drug therapy for insomnia. Figures include polysomnographic recording showing wakefulness in an adult; stage 1, 2, and 3 NREM sleep in an adult; REM sleep in an adult; a patient with sleep apnea syndrome; a patient with Cheyne-Stokes breathing; a patient with RLS; and a patient with dream-enacting behavior; schematic sagittal section of the brainstem of the cat; schematic diagram of the McCarley-Hobson model of REM sleep mechanism; the Lu-Saper “flip-flop” model; the Luppi model to explain REM sleep mechanism; and a wrist actigraph from a man with bipolar disorder. This review contains 14 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, 115 references, and 5 MCQs.

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