Endoscopic Ultrasonography Assessment for Ampullary and Bile Duct Malignancy

From 1989 through 1992, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was undertaken preoperatively to evaluate the extent of primary tumor, involvement of regional lymph nodes, and distant metastases in 22 patients with ampullary carcinoma and 18 patients with bile duct carcinoma. The results were compared with histopathological findings according to the TNM staging system. The accurate rate in assessing the extent of cancer invasion was 82% for ampullary carcinoma, 66% for common hepatic duct carcinoma, and 78% for common bile duct carcinoma. The accuracy of EUS in predicting regional lymph node metastasis was 59% for ampullary carcinoma, 56% for common hepatic duct carcinoma, and 67% for common bile duct carcinoma. Invasion of the portal vein was correctly predicted by EUS in 2 of 3 patients. None of the 3 patients with liver metastasis was detected by EUS. Therefore, endoscopic ultrasonography is an effective method in the evaluation of the extent of cancer invasion of ampullary and bile duct carcinoma as well as the involvement of regional lymph nodes preoperatively. However, due to its limited penetration depth, EUS is inadequate in the assessment of liver metastasis.

Download Full-text

When It Doesn't Fit: Congenital Anomalies of the Choledochus

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery Reports ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. e86-e89

Author(s):

Helena Reusens ◽

Mark Davenport

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Common Bile Duct ◽

Extrahepatic Bile Duct ◽

Hepatic Duct ◽

Common Hepatic Duct ◽

Resected Specimen ◽

Cystic Dilatation ◽

Left Hepatic Duct ◽

Distal Common Bile Duct

Abstract Introduction Congenital choledochal malformations (CCMs) are characterized by intra- and/or extrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Five basic types (1–5) are recognized in Todani's classification and its modifications, of which types 1 and 4 typically have an associated anomalous pancreatobiliary junction and common channel (CC). We describe two cases with previously undescribed features. Case Report 1 Antenatal detection of a cyst at porta hepatis was made in an otherwise normal girl of Iranian parentage. She was confirmed to be a CCM (20 mm diameter), postnatally, with no evidence of obstruction. Surgical exploration was performed at 12 weeks. She had an isolated cystic dilatation of the right-hepatic duct only. The left-hepatic duct and common bile duct (CBD) were normal without a CC. Histology of the resected specimen showed stratified squamous epithelium. Case Report 2 A preterm (31 weeks of gestation) boy of Nigerian parentage was presented. His mother was HIV + ve and he was treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors following birth. He had persistent cholestatic jaundice and a dilated (10 mm) bile duct from birth. Although the jaundice resolved, the dilatation persisted and increased, coming to surgery aged 2.5 years. This showed cystic dilatation confined to the common hepatic duct, and otherwise normal distal common bile duct and no CC. Result Both underwent resection with the Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction to the transected right-hepatic duct alone in case 1, leaving the preserved left duct and CBD in continuity, and to the transected common hepatic duct in case 2. Conclusions Neither choledochal anomaly fitted into the usual choledochal classification and case 1 appears unique in the literature.

Download Full-text

Fracture of an Expandable Metallic Stent Placed for Biliary Obstruction due to Common Bile Duct Carcinoma

Journal of Nippon Medical School ◽

10.1272/jnms.73.164 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 164-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hiroshi Yoshida ◽

Yasuhiro Mamada ◽

Nobuhiko Taniai ◽

Yoshiaki Mizuguchi ◽

Tetsuya Shimizu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Duct ◽

Common Bile Duct ◽

Biliary Obstruction ◽

Bile Duct Carcinoma ◽

Metallic Stent ◽

Duct Carcinoma ◽

Expandable Metallic Stent

Download Full-text

The Value of Cholangiography through Jackson-Pratt Drains in the Management of Postoperative Biliary Injuries

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481408000126 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 66-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco Igor B. Macedo ◽

Victor J. Casillas ◽

James S. Davis ◽

Joe U. Levi ◽

Danny Sleeman

Keyword(s):

Bile Duct ◽

Common Bile Duct ◽

Hepatic Duct ◽

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽

Common Hepatic Duct ◽

Biliary Reconstruction ◽

Biliary Injury ◽

Endoscopic Retrograde ◽

Distal Common Bile Duct ◽

Potential Benefits

Iatrogenic biliary injury is the most significant complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We present our experience with an alternative diagnostic approach using transcatheter cholangiography (TCC) through a Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain and discuss potential benefits and limitations of the technique. From March 2002 to February 2012, 40 patients with major postoperative biliary injury underwent biliary reconstruction at our institution. Mean age was 51.7 ± 18.1 years (range, 19 to 86 years) with 30 (75%) females. Seventeen (42.5%) injuries were detected intraoperatively and in 13 (32.5%) cases, JP drains were placed for biliary drainage. Lesions were classified according to Bismuth grade: I (10 patients [25%]), II (10 patients [25%]), III (six patients [15%]), IV (10 patients [25%]), and V (four patients [10%]). TCC was performed in seven patients with JP drains (53.8%). It fully defined the injury site in three cases of limited magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) such as common hepatic duct and common bile duct leaks and in four cases (57.1%) that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was limited as a result of clipping of the distal common bile duct. TCC showed promising results in cases of limited MRCP and ERCP such as fistulous orifices or leakage. It may represent an alternative adjunct in the diagnostic armamentarium of complex biliary injuries.

Download Full-text

Hepatolitiasis: Kasus Serial di RSUD Dr. Soetomo

JBN (Jurnal Bedah Nasional) ◽

10.24843/jbn.2018.v02.i01.p02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Made Mahayasa ◽

Tommy Lesmana

Keyword(s):

Bile Duct ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Common Bile Duct ◽

Gall Bladder ◽

Hepatic Duct ◽

Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽

Common Hepatic Duct ◽

Hepatic Bile ◽

Hepatic Bile Duct

Latar Belakang: hepatolitiasis adalah batu empedu pada saluran empedu liver dengan insidensi 20-30% dari semua pasien yang menjalani operasi untuk penyakit batu empedu. Ada beberapa pilihan operasi hepatolitiasis, seperti hepatektomi, eksplorasi common bile duct (CBD), dan drainase saluran intrahepatik atau cholangioenterostomy (access loop procedures), dan teknik perkutaneus. Pada laporan kasus serial ini, akan dibahas aspek pemilihan operasi pada pasien dengan hepatolitiasis. Kasus: kasus pertama adalah laki-laki, 60 tahun, dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo dengan nyeri abdomen kuadran kanan atas sejak 2 minggu. Diagnosis dengan USG (ultrasonografi) abdomen dan MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) menunjukkan terdapat beberapa batu di IHBD (intra hepatic bile duct), CHD (common hepatic duct), CBD, GB (gall bladder), dan sistem bilier yang melebar. Pada pasien dilakukan tindakan kolesistektomi, eksplorasi duktus, dan by pass bilio-digestive Roux en Y (access loop procedures). Kasus kedua adalah perempuan, 45 tahun, dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo dengan didiagnosis batu IHBD dan CBD. Penderita telah dilakukan kolesistektomi sejak 12 tahun yang lalu. Durante operasi ditemukan atrofi lobus kiri hati. Pada pasien, dilakukan operasi dengan eksplorasi duktus, by pass bilio-digestive Roux en Y (access loop procedures), dan hepatektomi lobus kiri. Simpulan: kasus hepatolitiasis jarang terjadi di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Diagnosis lengkap memerlukan kombinasi modalitas pencitraan. Pembedahan tetap menjadi pilihan utama pengobatan definitif. Menurut strategi terapeutik saat ini untuk hepatolitiasis, hepatektomi tampaknya merupakan pengobatan yang paling efektif untuk pasien dengan hepatolitiasis kiri yang terisolasi jika prosedur pembedahan lain tidak dapat mengatasi semua lesi terkait. Perawatan yang baik dapat memberikan luaran yang baik.

Download Full-text

Right Hepatic Artery: A Cadaver Investigation and Its Clinical Significance

Anatomy Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/412595 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Usha Dandekar ◽

Kundankumar Dandekar ◽

Sushama Chavan

Keyword(s):

Bile Duct ◽

Common Bile Duct ◽

Hepatic Artery ◽

Hepatic Duct ◽

Common Hepatic Duct ◽

Normal Anatomy ◽

Surgical Safety ◽

Right Hepatic Artery ◽

The Common ◽

The Right

The right hepatic artery is an end artery and contributes sole arterial supply to right lobe of the liver. Misinterpretation of normal anatomy and anatomical variations of the right hepatic artery contribute to the major intraoperative mishaps and complications in hepatobiliary surgery. The frequency of inadvertent or iatrogenic hepatobiliary vascular injury rises with the event of an aberrant anatomy. This descriptive study was carried out to document the normal anatomy and different variations of right hepatic artery to contribute to existing knowledge of right hepatic artery to improve surgical safety. This study conducted on 60 cadavers revealed aberrant replaced right hepatic artery in 18.3% and aberrant accessory right hepatic artery in 3.4%. Considering the course, the right hepatic artery ran outside Calot’s triangle in 5% of cases and caterpillar hump right hepatic artery was seen in 13.3% of cases. The right hepatic artery (normal and aberrant) crossed anteriorly to the common hepatic duct in 8.3% and posteriorly to it in 71.6%. It has posterior relations with the common bile duct in 16.7% while in 3.4% it did not cross the common hepatic duct or common bile duct. The knowledge of such anomalies is important since their awareness will decrease morbidity and help to keep away from a number of surgical complications.

Download Full-text