Jindou: A Musical Form Found in Southern Song 
Lyric Songs

T oung Pao ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 98-129
Author(s):  
Yang Yuanzheng

By introducing a newly-discovered manuscript copy of the lyric song anthology of the poet-musician Jiang Kui (1155–1221), this article aims to elucidate a hitherto unnoticed musical form of the genre: the jindou form. A comparison between the manuscript and all the early modern editions reveals discrepancies in the stanzaic divisions of four of Jiang’s seventeen songs for which he provided notation. Through musical analysis it is argued that the opening line of the second stanza in all the early modern editions may have been intentionally placed at the end of the first in the newly-discovered manuscript in order to remind the singer of the jindou form, in which the cadential notes of the first stanza immediately repeat at the beginning of the second. Therefore, these “unusual” stanzaic divisions are not mistakes, but indications of conventional performance practice in the Southern Song dynasty as dictated by musical factors.
S’appuyant sur une copie manuscrite récemment découverte de l’anthologie de poèmes chantés du poète et musicien Jiang Kui (1155–1221), cet article s’attache à élucider une forme musicale propre à ce genre et à laquelle on n’a jamais prêté attention : la forme jindou. La comparaison entre ce manuscrit et l’ensemble des éditions de la fin de la période impériale révèle des différences dans la division strophique de quatre poèmes de Jiang sur les dix-sept pour lesquels la notation musicale est fournie. L’analyse musicale permet d’établir que le premier vers de la seconde strophe dans toutes les éditions de la fin de l’empire a été délibérément placé à la fin de la première strophe dans le nouveau manuscrit, ce afin de rappeler au chanteur la forme jindou, dans laquelle les notes cadentielles de la première strophe sont immédiatement répétées au début de la seconde. Cette division inhabituelle entre strophes n’est donc pas le résultat d’une erreur: elle signale ce qui était le mode d’exécution conventionnel, basé sur des facteurs purement musicaux, à l’époque des Song du Sud.


2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Keen

AbstractAnthropologists often construe “property” in terms of rights, obligations, and interests, or use “property” in a largely undefined way. The use of the language of rights as a metalanguage is questionable for it is culturally specific, having developed in the Early Modern period in Europe in the context of the spread of market relations and the growth of contract law. One might ask, how are “rights” expressed and constituted in the indigenous languages? The article examines the role of language in the constitution of possession relations with reference to three case studies: ownership of land by Kaiadilt people of Bentinck Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria, possession more generally among Navajo of the southwest United States, and family/household “property” of the Southern Song dynasty of China. It focuses on the constitution of possessors, possessions and connections between them, and the expression of norms entailed by relations between possessor and possessum. (Property, possession, rights, Kayardild language, Navajo language, Southern Song dynasty, metalanguage)*


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihang Zhou ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Yong Cui ◽  
Dongbo Hu

AbstractNanhai I is a highly valuable shipwreck of the Southern Song Dynasty for studying various topics, including the shipbuilding techniques. The sealing materials are of significant importance to ensure the ship’s reliability during the voyage across the ocean and they were rarely analyzed. Therefore, the sealing materials of this ship were analyzed by several analytical approaches. The sealing materials included two types, i.e., gap filler with jute fibers and surface coating without any oakum. The main components of both types of putty are calcite with minor Tung oil. The weight ratio of Ca(OH)2/Tung oil range from 4.3:1 to 7.9:1 for surface coating samples and the weight ratio of Ca(OH)2/organics is 3.1:1 for the gap filler sample. Additionally, we first find that the surface coating has a layered structure, where outer layers contain more Tung oil than inner layers. The innermost layer of the surface coating sample might be altered by organic acids from wood deterioration, causing its loose structure and grey color. The composite layers with different formula might be a result of balancing the costs and performances of the putty.


2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 3081-3087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Huansheng Cheng ◽  
Jianming Zheng

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