25 Russian Maritime Security Law along the Northern Sea Route: Giving Shape to Article 234 in the Law of the Sea Convention

Buku ini sangat direkomendasikan tidak saja bagi mahasiswa dan pemerhati, tetapi juga bagi pembuat kebijakan dalam isu-isu keamanan maritim dan hukum laut. Khusus bagi studi Hubungan Internasional, buku ini menawarkan pendekatan trans-disciplinary yang dimulai dengan pertanyaan kritis tentang evolusi hukum laut melalui (re-)konstruksi keamanan, permasalahan, dan tantangan kontemporer hingga arah perubahan kebijakan. Fokus pada analisa perangkat hukum, buku ini menggunakan pendekatan historis untuk memahami proses, diskursi tentang keberlanjutan (continuity) dan perubahan kepentingan negara di laut. Meski buku ini seakan melegitimasi dominasi perspektif negara dalam pendefinisian keamanan seperti yang dikatakan oleh Michael Reisman dalam kata pengantarnya, tetapi penulis, Natalie Klein, berhasil meyakinkan pentingnya pendekatan konstruktivisme dalam memformulasi pertanyaan riset dan menghadirkan analisa kritis.Ulasan buku ini akan dipaparkan dalam tiga bagian. Pertama, tentang pendekatan penulis dalam memetakan permasalahan maritim dan pengaturannya oleh negara. Kedua, mengulas struktur paparan di buku ini yang menggunakan pendekatan tematik. Bagian terakhir membahas kritik dan relevansi buku ini dengan kondisi di Indonesia, termasuk saran yang berkaitan dengan agenda lanjutan bagi diskursi dan riset keamanan maritim dan hukum laut.

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26 Maritime Security

10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0026 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Klein Natalie

Keyword(s):

Transnational Crime ◽

Maritime Security ◽

Law Of The Sea ◽

National Interests ◽

Intelligence Gathering ◽

Boundary Disputes ◽

The Future ◽

Critical Issues ◽

The Law

This chapter assesses maritime security under the 1982 UN Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). It discusses critical issues in contemporary maritime security, highlighting ongoing boundary disputes, transnational crime, and intelligence gathering. It considers the question of what the future may hold for maritime security. It suggests that maritime security will likely remain of fundamental concern and continue to influence legal developments, but perhaps only to the extent that national interests can be asserted and accepted as shared interests.

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Russia and China in the Arctic: Real or Alleged Disagreements?

World Economy and International Relations ◽

10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-2-63-71 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 63-71

Author(s):

A. Zagorskii

Keyword(s):

Arctic Ocean ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Water Area ◽

The Arctic ◽

Law Of The Sea ◽

Common Heritage ◽

Northern Sea Route ◽

The Arctic Ocean ◽

The Common ◽

The Law

The article concentrates on two issues articulated by Xu Guangmiao in her article “China's Arctic Interests and Policy: History, Legal Ground and Implementation” published in the same issue of the Journal: Arctic Governance (and particularly the applicability of the "Common Heritage of the Mankind in the Arctic" concept), as well as the concept of the Northern Sea Route “internationalization” based on the navigation freedom principle. Both issues are considered controversial in Russia–China relations. In addressing those issues, the author seeks to separate real and alleged divergences between the two countries. He argues that apparent differences in their particular approaches do not reflect any fundamental divergences and can be transcended if handled pragmatically, with recognition of the sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdictions of coastal states, as well as of the non-Arctic states' rights and responsibilities under the Law of the Sea. In particular, the author argues that there is no controversy surrounding China’s expectation that an Area of the Common Heritage of the Mankind would occur in the central part of the Arctic Ocean as long as the process of the continental shelf outer limits setting by the coastal states in the Arctic Ocean takes place within the procedures established by the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Similarly, China accepts the regulation of vessels traffic alongside the Northern Sea Route based on the Article 234 of the Convention, and would not be able to claim the freedom of transit passage through the NSR straits unless it joined the U.S. claim that the straight baselines drawn by Russia (and Canada) effectively including those straits into their internal sea waters violate the provisions of the Convention. So far, China does not. And as long as the NSR water area remains ice-covered for most of the year, this issue remains of theoretical rather than of practical importance.

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