There are few branches of science so indelibly associated with the second half of the last century as that highly-specialised study of the compounds of carbon, which is commonly called organic chemistry. The marvellously rapid development of this branch of chemistry will ever remain one of the greatest monuments to the enthusiasm and industry of scientific workers. Amongst the master-builders of this imposing edifice, one of the most conspicuous was Johannes Wislicenus, who, over a period of more than forty years, devoted his great natural gifts and extraordinary energy to this work of construction. Although in 1853, at the early age of 18, we already find Wislicenus acting as assistant to Heintz, then Professor of Chemistry in the University of Halle, his further progress to academic distinction did not proceed on the stereotyped lines usually followed by those who succeed in gaining access to the select professional caste of the German universities. Wislicenus’ early life is, in fact, of special interest, taking us back as it does to a time when liberty and freedom of speech were ideals for which serious sacrifices had to be made even in the countries of Western Europe.
Fortifying the Island at the time of the viceroy Ferrante Gonzaga (1536-1546): sites, master builders and designers, clients