Water bugs (Hemipera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha & Gerromorpha) of Chile: phylogenetic and biogeographic considerations, and a catalog of the fauna

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
JAKOB DAMGAARD ◽  
FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO MOREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Easter Island ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Juan Fernández Islands ◽  
Aquatic Bugs ◽  
Juan Fernandez Islands ◽  
Water Bugs

The Chilean fauna of water bugs comprises seven species of semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha), representing five genera, three tribes, four subfamilies and four families; and 27 species and one subspecies of aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha), representing four subgenera, eight genera, three tribes, seven subfamilies, and five families. We compare the fauna with neighboring countries and find that several otherwise widespread and abundant taxa are missing in Chile, but that Chepuvelia usingeri China, 1963 (Macroveliidae), Microvelia chilena Drake & Hussey, 1955 (Veliidae), Limnocoris dubiosus Montandon, 1898 (Naucoridae), Nerthra (Nerthra) parvula (Signoret, 1863), N. (N.) undosa Nieser & Chen, 1992, N. (Rhinodermacoris) praecipua Todd, 1957 (Gelastocoridae), and Sigara (Tropocorixa) termasensis (Hungerford, 1928a) (Corixidae) are endemic to the country. To this list, we add †Nerthra (Nerthra) subantarctica Faúndez & Ashworth, 2015, even though the species is only known from a subfossil. We can also inform that while water bugs are found in the archipelagoes of southern Chile, no species has been reported from the Juan Fernandez Islands, Easter Island and other off-shore islands. Several of the Chilean species are without any close extant relatives, such as C. usingeri and Aquarius chilensis (Berg, 1881) (Gerridae), or with relatives in Oceania (N. praecipua), suggesting that historical events such as dispersal and extinction have had a major influence on the composition of the Chilean fauna. 

A second species of Lithographa with submuriform ascospores

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. FRYDAY ◽  
Brian J. COPPINS
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Juan Fernández Islands ◽  
South West ◽  
Juan Fernandez Islands

Abstract:The new combination Lithographa skottsbergii (Zahlbr.) Fryday & Coppins is made for Enterostigma skottsbergii Zahlbr., described from the Juan Fernandez Islands off the coast of Chile. The species is known only from Chile but its geographical range is here extended to include maritime regions of south-west Chile. The distribution pattern of the Lithographa species with submuriform ascospores is also discussed.

scholarly journals Morfología, caracterización y distribución geográfica de Blechnum cordatum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta).

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Prada ◽  
Cristina H. Rolleri ◽  
Lilian Passarelli
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Vegetative Tissue ◽  
Juan Fernández Islands ◽  
Large Geographical Area ◽  
Distribución Geográfica ◽  
Morphology Characterization ◽  
Juan Fernandez Islands

ABSTRACT. Morphology, characterization, and geographical distribution of Blechnum cordatum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta). Specimens of Blechnum cordatum from localities of its large geographical area were analized. The species grows in Mesoamerica, Antillas and South America, from Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia, SE and centre of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, centre and S of Chile, and Juan Fernández Islands. Blechnum cordatum is a tolerant, not vulnerable species, with large sporophytes; erect, scaly rhizomes; dimorphic fronds with scaly stipes and axes; lanceolate sterile laminae with lanceolate to oblong, coriaceae, finely denticulate to serrate, superficially scaly and hairy, attached by costa (peciolulate) pinnae, with cuneate- truncate to subcordate or auriculate bases, and narrowly lanceolate fertile laminae with vegetative tissue of pinnae reduced to the portion which support the undulate to erose indusia and continuous coenosorus. Veins are free, simple, geminate and furcate, the latter ramdomly dividing at different distances from the costa, all ending in large, active hydathodes. Aerophores, located only at the base of pinnae, may be absent. Spores have a cristate-reticulate perispore with filiform, ramified processes, and a smooth to granulate exospore. Based on this study, a new description of Blechnum cordatum, and its taxonomy is presented, along with comments on affinities with other neotropical and paleotropical species of the genus.Key words. Blechnaceae, Blechnum cordatum, morphology, taxonomy, palynology, geographical distribution.RESUMEN. Morfología, caracterización y distribución geográfica de Blechnum cordatum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta). Blechnum cordatum fue estudiado en especímenes de numerosas localidades de su extensa área de distribución. Crece en Mesoamérica, Antillas, Sudamérica, desde Venezuela y Colombia a Bolivia, SE y centro de Brasil, Paraguay, Argentina, centro y S de Chile e islas de Juan Fernández. Es una especie poco vulnerable, tolerante, con esporófitos grandes, rizomas a oblongas con pinnas coriáceas, lanceolado-oblongas, finamente denticuladas a aserradas, superficialmente escamosas y pilosas, unidas al raquis por la costa (pecioluladas), con bases cuneado- truncadas a subcordadas o auriculadas y láminas fértiles estrechamente lanceoladas con el tejido vegetativo de las pinnas reducido a la porción de la lámina que lleva el cenosoro continuo e indusio ondulado a eroso. Las venas son simples, geminadas y bifurcadas al azar a distancias variables de la costa y terminan en grandes hidatodos activos, sobresalientes o más o menos planos. Los aeróforos, presentes sólo en la base de las pinnas, pueden faltar. Las esporas son monoletas, con perisporio crestado-reticulado que lleva procesos filiformes y exosporio subliso a granulado. La especie se describe e ilustra en detalle, se actualiza su taxonomía y se comentan sus afinidades con otras especies neotropicales y paleotropicales del género.Palabras clave. Blechnaceae, Blechnum cordatum, morfología, taxonomía, palinología, distribución geográfica.

Comparative phylogeography of two co-distributed species of lizards of the genus Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Southern Chile

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela A. Vidal ◽  
Juan Carlos Ortiz ◽  
Juan Carlos Marín ◽  
Elie Poulin ◽  
Patricio I. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
The Times

Comparative phylogeography describes the patterns of evolutionary divergence and whether or not they are congruent, in co-distributed populations of different taxa. If the populations of these taxa have been co-distributed for a prolonged time, and if the times between processes of perturbation or vicariance have been more or less stable, it is expected that patterns of divergence will be congruent in closely related species, for example because of similar biological and demographic characteristics. Liolaemus pictus and L. cyanogaster are widely co-distributed lizard species in southern Chile, occurring in a region with a complex topology. We analyzed the phylogeographic structure of the two lizard species using Cytochrome b DNA sequences to estimate their genetic structure in response to historical events. Our results suggest an evolutionary pattern of genetic diversity for each species that is consistent with the geomorphological history of the region, suggesting a complex phylogeographic history in Liolaemus species. Also, the high levels of divergence among haplotypes in several populations suggest the possibility that their origin might predate the middle Pleistocene in both species. Finally, our results are consistent with our hypothesis that two species have responded to historical events in parallel, where historical process have been sufficient to influence their phylogeographical structure (0.80 congruency between topologies).

Botanical and Geological Significance of Potassium-Argon Dates from the Juan Fernandez Islands

Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 225 (4657) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. STUESSY ◽  
K. A. FOLAND ◽  
J. F. SUTTER ◽  
R. W. SANDERS ◽  
M. S. O.
Keyword(s):  
Geological Significance ◽  
Juan Fernández Islands ◽  
Juan Fernandez Islands
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