scholarly journals Extremal edges versus other principles of figure-ground organization

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ghose ◽  
S. E. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Extremal Edges ◽  
Ground Organization

scholarly journals Task set and instructions influence the weight of figural priors: A psychophysical study with extremal edges and familiar configuration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tandra Ghose ◽  
Mary A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Perirhinal Cortex ◽  
Shape Prior ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Extremal Edges ◽  
Psychophysical Study ◽  
Ground Organization ◽  
Familiar Objects

AbstractIn figure–ground organization, the figure is defined as a region that is both “shaped” and “nearer.” Here we test whether changes in task set and instructions can alter the outcome of the cross-border competition between figural priors that underlies figure assignment. Extremal edge (EE), a relative distance prior, has been established as a strong figural prior when the task is to report “which side is nearer?” In three experiments using bipartite stimuli, EEs competed and cooperated with familiar configuration, a shape prior for figure assignment in a “which side is shaped?” task.” Experiment 1 showed small but significant effects of familiar configuration for displays sketching upright familiar objects, although “shaped-side” responses were predominantly determined by EEs. In Experiment 2, instructions regarding the possibility of perceiving familiar shapes were added. Now, although EE remained the dominant prior, the figure was perceived on the familiar-configuration side of the border on a significantly larger percentage of trials across all display types. In Experiment 3, both task set (nearer/shaped) and the presence versus absence of instructions emphasizing that familiar objects might be present were manipulated within subjects. With familiarity thus “primed,” effects of task set emerged when EE and familiar configuration favored opposite sides as figure. Thus, changing instructions can modulate the weighing of figural priors for shape versus distance in figure assignment in a manner that interacts with task set. Moreover, we show that the influence of familiar parts emerges in participants without medial temporal lobe/ perirhinal cortex brain damage when instructions emphasize that familiar objects might be present.

scholarly journals Extremal edges dominate other cues to figure-ground organization

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 96-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Palmer ◽  
T. Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Extremal Edges ◽  
Ground Organization

Figure-ground organization in an apperceptive agnosic patient

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun P. Vecera ◽  
Marlene Behrmann
Keyword(s):  
Ground Organization

scholarly journals Graded effects in hierarchical figure-ground organization: Reply to Peterson (1999).

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1221-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun P. Vecera ◽  
Randall C. O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Ground Organization

scholarly journals Figure-Ground Organization in Visual Cortex for Natural Scenes

eNeuro ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0127-16.2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Williford ◽  
Rüdiger von der Heydt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Ground Organization

Salient ordering of free verse and its translation

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Wójcik-Leese
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Free Verse ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Sensory Imagery ◽  
Ground Organization

In the first Polish attempt to systematically describe free verse Urbafska (1995) argues that this poetic form requires ‘visual perception during mental (silent) reading’. As free verse gradually adapts to late 20th-century culture, where the visual supersedes the oral, the intonation and rhythm of a poem increasingly come to depend on its graphic segmentation. Consequently, the visual design of the poem constitutes its meaning. As cognitive linguistics admits that sensory imagery, also visual, ‘plays a substantial role in conceptual and semantic structure’ (Langacker, 1983), it seems possible to employ the cognitive parameters of focal adjustments to analyse a poem composed in free verse. If we assume that reading such a poem involves ‘scanning through a domain’ of the page and ‘along a line’ of the poem ‘until a contrast is registered’ (Langacker, 1983), then we can discuss the whole poem in terms of the figure/ground organization. The whole poem can thus be treated both as the figure in itself and as the background to each of the verses, which demands from its readers constant readjustment of the viewpoint. Therefore the awareness of the cognitive strategies of focal adjustments may help to analyse syntactic and stylistic resources of the salient ordering offered by free verse. Moreover, it may assist the translation of poems composed in free verse and the assessment of translated texts.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal frequency in figure-ground organization

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Klymenko ◽  
Naomi Weisstein ◽  
Richard Topolski ◽  
Cheng-Hong Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Ground Organization

scholarly journals Figure-ground organization based on three-dimensional symmetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 061606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Michaux ◽  
Vijai Jayadevan ◽  
Edward Delp ◽  
Zygmunt Pizlo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Organization

scholarly journals A Neural Model of Figure–Ground Organization

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 4310-4326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Craft ◽  
Hartmut Schütze ◽  
Ernst Niebur ◽  
Rüdiger von der Heydt
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Lateral Interactions ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Psychophysical Studies ◽  
Contour Grouping ◽  
Ground Organization

Psychophysical studies suggest that figure–ground organization is a largely autonomous process that guides—and thus precedes—allocation of attention and object recognition. The discovery of border-ownership representation in single neurons of early visual cortex has confirmed this view. Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated that border-ownership assignment can be modeled as a process of self-organization by lateral interactions within V2 cortex. However, the mechanism proposed relies on propagation of signals through horizontal fibers, which would result in increasing delays of the border-ownership signal with increasing size of the visual stimulus, in contradiction with experimental findings. It also remains unclear how the resulting border-ownership representation would interact with attention mechanisms to guide further processing. Here we present a model of border-ownership coding based on dedicated neural circuits for contour grouping that produce border-ownership assignment and also provide handles for mechanisms of selective attention. The results are consistent with neurophysiological and psychophysical findings. The model makes predictions about the hypothetical grouping circuits and the role of feedback between cortical areas.

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