scholarly journals Gradiate: A radial sweep approach to measuring detailed contrast sensitivity functions from eye movements

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Scott W. J. Mooney ◽  
Nazia M. Alam ◽  
N. Jeremy Hill ◽  
Glen T. Prusky
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Functions

scholarly journals Gradiate: a radial sweep approach to measuring detailed contrast sensitivity functions from eye movements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott William Joseph Mooney ◽  
Nazia Alam ◽  
N. Jeremy Hill ◽  
Glen T. Prusky
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Spatial Vision ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Sensitivity Functions ◽  
Logmar Acuity ◽  
Visual Health

The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is an informative measure of visual health, but the practical difficulty of measuring it has impeded detailed analyses of its relationship to different visual disorders. Furthermore, most existing tasks cannot be used in populations with cognitive impairment. We analyzed detailed CSFs measured with a non-verbal procedure called “Gradiate”, which efficiently infers visibility from eye movements and manipulates stimulus appearance in real time. Sixty observers of varying age (38 with refractive error) were presented with moving stimuli. Stimulus spatial frequency and contrast advanced along fifteen radial sweeps through CSF space in response to stimulus-congruent eye movements. A point on the CSF was recorded when tracking ceased. Gradiate CSFs were reliable and in high agreement with independent low contrast acuity thresholds. Overall CSF variation was largely captured by two orthogonal factors (“radius” and “slope”), or two orthogonal shape factors when size was normalized (“aspect ratio” and “curvature”). CSF radius was highly predictive of LogMAR acuity, as were aspect ratio and curvature together, but only radius was predictive of observer age. Our findings suggest that Gradiate holds promise for assessing spatial vision in both verbal and non-verbal populations and indicate that variation between detailed CSFs can reveal useful information about visual health.

scholarly journals Predicting individual contrast sensitivity functions from acuity and letter contrast sensitivity measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Thurman ◽  
Pinakin Gunvant Davey ◽  
Kaydee Lynn McCray ◽  
Violeta Paronian ◽  
Aaron R. Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Functions ◽  
Individual Contrast

Visual Contrast Sensitivity Functions Obtained with Colored and Achromatic Gratings

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nelson ◽  
Ronald L. Halberg
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Sensitivity Functions ◽  
Visual Contrast ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Sinusoidal Gratings ◽  
Visual Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Contrast Thresholds

Threshold contrasts for red, green, and achromatic sinusoidal gratings were measured. Spatial frequencies ranged from 0.25 to 15 cycles/deg. No significant differences in contrast thresholds were found among the three grating types. From this finding it was concluded that, under conditions of normal viewing, no significant differences should be expected in the acquisition of spatial information from monochromatic or achromatic displays of equal resolution.

Comparison of contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys and humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Ridder ◽  
Kai Ming Zhang ◽  
Apoorva Karsolia ◽  
Michael Engles ◽  
James Burke
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sensitivity Functions ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Normal Humans

AbstractContrast sensitivity functions reveal information about a subject’s overall visual ability and have been investigated in several species of nonhuman primates (NHPs) with experimentally induced amblyopia and glaucoma. However, there are no published studies comparing contrast sensitivity functions across these species of normal NHPs. The purpose of this investigation was to compare contrast sensitivity across these primates to determine whether they are similar. Ten normal humans and eight normal NHPs (Macaca fascicularis) took part in this project. Previously published data from Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina were also compared. Threshold was operationally defined as two misses in a row for a descending method of limits. A similar paradigm was used for the humans except that the descending method of limits was combined with a spatial, two-alternative forced choice (2-AFC) technique. The contrast sensitivity functions were fit with a double exponential function. The averaged peak contrast sensitivity, peak spatial frequency, acuity, and area under the curve for the humans were 268.9, 3.40 cpd, 27.3 cpd, and 2345.4 and for the Macaca fascicularis were 99.2, 3.93 cpd, 26.1 cpd, and 980.9. A two-sample t-test indicated that the peak contrast sensitivities (P = 0.001) and areas under the curve (P = 0.010) were significantly different. The peak spatial frequencies (P = 0.150) and the extrapolated visual acuities (P = 0.763) were not different. The contrast sensitivities for the Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, and Macaca nemestrina were qualitatively and quantitatively similar. The contrast sensitivity functions for the NHPs had lower peak contrast sensitivities and areas under the curve than the humans. Even though different methods have been used to measure contrast sensitivity in different species of NHP, the functions are similar. The contrast sensitivity differences and similarities between humans and NHPs need to be considered when using NHPs to study human disease.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Efficient Characterization and Classification of Contrast Sensitivity Functions in Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Fang Yan ◽  
Fang Hou ◽  
Zhong-Lin Lu ◽  
Xiaopeng Hu ◽  
Chang-Bing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Functions
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