The Symbolic Review of the Concept of War in the Works of Iranian Artist: Ali Akbar Sadeghi

<p>By examining the history of world art, it can be expressed that art was not conducted between different ethnic groups only through cultural exchanges. And sometimes common aspects can be found among the artworks which have been the same among all nations. This suggests that the human is a treasure of symbols and images in which the traces of all human races can be seen during different periods of time. Carl Gustav Jung called this belief as “archetype” which is manifested in various symbolic forms. According to this theory, we can cite the many artists not only to express their own ethnic and national values to create their work but also studied the human subjects which are at a collective unconscious. They moved beyond the boundaries of their land. Ali Akbar Sadeghi is an Iranian contemporary painter. He maintained the tradition of painting in his country and used universal symbols in his works. The most important of these symbols is the symbols of war. This article suggests the hypothesis that Ali Akbar Sadeghi knows the world as a place for interference and conflicts and used the tools and symbols of war in his works in order to express the permanent war in the world. The results of this paper states that these symbols have emerged during the periods of his art activities in different ways, shapes and forms in order to convey the concepts and individual contrast with the environment. The method of this study is descriptive- analytical and data collection method was performed through interviews with the artist and library studies.</p>

Contrast Sensitivity Predicts Target Detection Field Performance of Pilots

Our recent research has shown that contrast sensitivity, not visual acuity, can predict a pilot's ability to detect an air-to-ground target in a flight simulator. Here we report a further study that shows a similar predictive power under actual field conditions. Eighty-four Air Force pilots, seated at the end of a runway, typically in groups of ten per week, reported the detection of an approaching T-39 jet aircraft under visibility conditions varying from 0.5 to over 15 miles for 10 field trials. The pilots' detection ranges were correlated with their individual contrast sensitivities and standard visual acuities. Contrast sensitivity, not visual acuity, was found to be a good predictor of detection range. These results have strong implications for the creation of performance-related vision standards.