Balanced, Orientation-Dependent Dichoptic Masking in Cortex of Visually Normal Humans Measured Using Electroencephalography (EEG)

In the human visual system, cerebral cortex combines left- and right-eye retinal inputs, enabling single, comfortable binocular vision. In visual cortex, the signals from each eye inhibit one another (interocular suppression). While this mechanism may be disrupted by e.g. traumatic brain injury, clinical assessments of interocular suppression are subjective, qualitative, and lack reliability. EEG is a potentially useful clinical tool for objective, quantitative assessment of binocular vision. In a cohort of normal participants, we measured occipital, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to dichoptically-presented vertical and/or horizontal sine-wave gratings. Response amplitudes to orthogonal gratings were greater than that of parallel gratings, which were in turn greater than that of monocular gratings. Our results indicate that interocular suppression is (normally) balanced, orientation-tuned, and that suppression per se is reduced for orthogonal gratings. This objective measure of suppression may have application in clinical settings.

Kajian Strukturalisme dalam Melahirkan Sebuah Karya Seni

Structuralism for its adherents assumes that in humans there is a basic ability inherited genetically, so that this ability exists in all normal humans, namely the ability to structure, to structure, construct a structure, or attach a certain structure to the symptoms that it faces . The above statement assumes that every human being has the ability to create works of art from existing phenomena and is able to analyze the phenomena or phenomena with a structured method. Structural theory of language above that makes Levi-Strauss managed to see something behind the manifestation of human work. A work of art is a representation of students seeing phenomena or issues in their environment. This phenomenon makes artists feel touched and arouse and tickle their feelings to express it through the medium of art. Behind the manifestation of human work in it contains the value and meaning to be conveyed. These values and meanings have unconsciously shaped someone's ideas or thoughts. Thus it can be said that anything in this world according to Levi-Satruss's view is a system that has structures that govern it. In Structuralism the signifiant order or marker precedes meaning, in other words that talking about the existence of humans is actually not as a subject, on the contrary the existence and structure itself speaks of itself through human speech about existence.

Derivation of Thyroid Follicular Cells From Pluripotent Stem Cells: Insights From Development and Implications for Regenerative Medicine

Stem cell-based therapies to reconstitute in vivo organ function hold great promise for future clinical applications to a variety of diseases. Hypothyroidism resulting from congenital lack of functional thyrocytes, surgical tissue removal, or gland ablation, represents a particularly attractive endocrine disease target that may be conceivably cured by transplantation of long-lived functional thyroid progenitors or mature follicular epithelial cells, provided a source of autologous cells can be generated and a variety of technical and biological challenges can be surmounted. Here we review the emerging literature indicating that thyroid follicular epithelial cells can now be engineered in vitro from the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) of mice, normal humans, or patients with congenital hypothyroidism. We review the in vivo embryonic development of the thyroid gland and explain how emerging discoveries in developmental biology have been utilized as a roadmap for driving PSCs, which resemble cells of the early embryo, into mature functional thyroid follicles in vitro. Finally, we discuss the bioengineering, biological, and clinical hurdles that now need to be addressed if the goals of life-long cure of hypothyroidism through cell- and/or gene-based therapies are to be attained.

Color Detection of RGB Images Using Python and OpenCv

The main objective of this application is the methodology for identifying the shades of colors with an exact prediction with their names. A study says, a normal human can able to clearly identify nearly 1 million shades of colors. But in the case of human having “enchroma”, could be able to see only 1% (i.e.10,000 colors) from the normal humans. While painting pictures, a painter needs to identify the color patterns exactly or else the reality of image is not clear.

Seasonal variation in brain mu-opioid receptor availability

Seasonal rhythms influence mood and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no previously reported in vivo evidence. Here, we studied the seasonal effects on brain MOR availability via analysing a dataset (n=204) of [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET) scans of healthy volunteers. We found that seasonally varying daylength had an inverted U-shaped functional relationship with brain MOR availability. Brain regions sensitive to daylength spanned the socio-emotional brain circuits, where MOR availability formed a spring-like peak. Causal effect of daylength on brain MOR availability was further verified by a post hoc experiment with repeated PET imaging of rats (n=9) under seasonal photoperiodic simulation. Therefore, the in vivo brain MOR availability in normal humans shows significant seasonal variation, which aligns with expected seasonal variation in mood and suicidality.

“Kajian Strukturalisme dalam Melahirkan Sebuah Karya Seni”

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>Structuralism for its adherents assumes that in humans there is a basic ability inherited genetically, so that this ability exists in all normal humans, namely the ability to structure, to structure, construct a structure, or attach a certain structure to the symptoms that it faces . The above statement assumes that every human being has the ability to create works of art from existing phenomena and is able to analyze the phenomena or phenomena with a structured method. Structural theory of language above that makes Levi-Strauss managed to see something behind the manifestation of human work. A work of art is a representation of students seeing phenomena or issues in their environment. This phenomenon makes artists feel touched and arouse and tickle their feelings to express it through the medium of art. Behind the manifestation of human work in it contains the value and meaning to be conveyed. These values and meanings have unconsciously shaped someone's ideas or thoughts. Thus it can be said that anything in this world according to Levi-Satruss's view is a system that has structures that govern it. In Structuralism the signifiant order or marker precedes meaning, in other words that talking about the existence of humans is actually not as a subject, on the contrary the existence and structure itself speaks of itself through human speech about existence.</em><em></em><br /> <strong><em>Keywords :</em></strong><em> Structuralism, Phenomenon, Significant, and Symbols</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><em>Strukturalisme bagi para penganutnya beranggapan bahwa dalam diri manusia terdapat kemampuan dasar yang diwariskan secara genetis, sehingga kemampuan ini ada pada semua manusia yang normal, yaitu kemampuan untuk strukturing, untuk menstruktur, menyusun suatu struktur, atau menempelkan suatu struktur tertentu pada gejala-gejala yang dihadapinya. Pernyataan di atas memiliki asumsi bahwa setiap manusia memiliki kemampuan untuk menciptakan karya seni dari fenomena yang ada dan mampu menganalisis gejala-gejala atau fenomena-fenomena tersebut dengan metode yang terstruktur. Teori struktural bahasa di atas yang membuat levi-Strauss berhasil melihat sesuatu di balik perwujudan karya manusia. Sebuah karya seni merupakan representasi dari siseniman melihat fenomena-fenomena atau isu-isu yang ada di lingkungannya. Fenomena tersebut yang membuat seniman merasa tersentuh dan menggugah serta mengelitik perasaannya untuk mengekspresikannya melalui medium seni.</em> <em>Di balik wujud karya manusia tersebut di dalamnya mengandung nilai dan makna yang hendak di sampaikan. Nilai dan makna tersebut secara tidak sadar telah membentuk ide gagasan atau pemikiran seseorang. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa apapun di dunia ini menurut pandangan Levi-Satruss merupakan sistem yang memiliki struktur-struktur yang mengaturnya. Dalam Strukturalisme tatanan signifiant atau penanda mendahului makna, dengan kata lain bahwa berbicara tentang adanya manusia sebenarnya bukanlah sebagai subjek, sebaliknya adanya dan struktur itu sendiri berbicara tentang dirinya melalui pembicaraan manusia tentang adanya.</em></p><strong><em>Kata kunci :</em></strong><em> Strukturalisme, Fenomena, Signifiant, dan Simbol</em>

The Argument from Language

Although other living beings can communicate with one another using sounds and gestures, the range of the messages that humans can convey is far greater. But if language is a capacity that all normal humans possess, the variety of different natural languages poses severe problems for translation and mutual intelligibility. However, to argue that the obstacles to communication across languages and even within them are insurmountable is to underestimate where it is still possible to reach some provisional understanding. How far do different natural languages constrain what can be expressed or understood within them? Taking Chinese as one example, this chapter argues against linguistic determinism and stresses the possibilities of mutual intelligibility even while recognizing its limits

Immunohistochemistry of the Human Adrenal CYP11B2 in Normal Individuals and in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism

The CYP11B2 enzyme is the terminal enzyme in the biosynthesis of aldosterone. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CYP11B2 defines cells of the adrenal ZG that synthesize aldosterone. CYP11B2 expression is normally stimulated by angiotensin II, but becomes autonomous in primary hyperaldosteronism, in most cases driven by recently discovered somatic mutations of ion channels or pumps. Cells expressing CYP11B2 in young normal humans form a continuous band beneath the adrenal capsule; in older individuals they form discrete clusters, aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC), surrounded by non-aldosterone producing cells in the outer layer of the adrenal gland. Aldosterone-producing adenomas may exhibit a uniform or heterogeneous expression of CYP11B2. APCC frequently persist in the adrenal with an aldosterone-producing adenoma suggesting autonomous CYP11B2 expression in these cells as well. This was confirmed by finding known mutations that drive aldosterone production in adenomas in the APCC of clinically normal people. Unilateral aldosteronism may also be due to multiple CYP11B2-expressing nodules of various sizes or a continuous band of hyperplastic ZG cells expressing CYP11B2. Use of CYP11B2 antibodies to identify areas for sequencing has greatly facilitated the detection of aldosterone-driving mutations.

ALAT PENUNTUN TUNANETRA BAGI PENYANDANG TUNANETRA LINGKUP UNJ BERBASIS ARDUINO DAN KOMPAS

Man was created perfect but in its development are not all born normal. Humans are born so called in need special, special man in need of them is deaf, blind and tunawicara. Required tools that can significantly impact that is guiding the blind tools can serve as a guiding visually impaired in performing daily activities Research methods used in this study i.e. method using RnD. This research was conducted at the University of Jakarta Country in April 2018, testing is done i.e. test modules, test compass GPS module, test module DF Player, and Test the motor gear box DC Based on the results of the research there is a compass that the module obtained different results due to the large number of different metals around testing, testing the GPS module obtained as a result of appropriate coordinates realtime guiding tool for visually impaired the test runs, the Player can function DF module fits well, testing module gear box can function in accordance with the specified distance Abstrak Manusia diciptakan sempurna namun dalam perkembangannya tidak semua terlahir normal. Manusia yang lahir demikian disebut dengan berkebutuhan khusus, manusia berkebutuhan khusus diantaranya adalah tunarungu, tunawicara dan tunanetra. Maka dibutuhkan alat yang dapat berdampak signifikan yaitu alat penuntun tunanetra dapat berfungsi sebagai penuntun tunanetra dalam melakukan aktifitas sehari hari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode RnD. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas Negri Jakarta pada bulan April 2018, Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu menguji modul kompas, menguji modul GPS, menguji modul DF Player, dan Menguji motor gear box DC Berdasarkan hasil yang penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa modul kompas terdapat hasil yang berbeda beda dikarenakan banyaknya unsur logam disekitaran pengujian, pengujian modul GPS didapatkan hasil kordinat sesuai realtime selama alat penuntun tunanetra berjalan, pengujian modul DF Player dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan baik, pengujian modul gear box dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan jarak yang ditentukan.