scholarly journals Explicit Convection over the Western Pacific Warm Pool in the Community Atmospheric Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1482-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
MichałZ. Ziemiański ◽  
Wojciech W. Grabowski ◽  
Mitchell W. Moncrieff
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Western Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Standard Configuration

Abstract This paper reports on the application of the cloud-resolving convection parameterization (CRCP) to the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM), the atmospheric component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). The cornerstone of CRCP is the use of a two-dimensional zonally oriented cloud-system-resolving model to represent processes on mesoscales at the subgrid scale of a climate model. Herein, CRCP is applied at each climate model column over the tropical western Pacific warm pool, in a domain spanning 10°S–10°N, 150°–170°E. Results from the CRCP simulation are compared with CAM in its standard configuration. The CRCP simulation shows significant improvements of the warm pool climate. The cloud condensate distribution is much improved as well as the bias of the tropopause height. More realistic structure of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) during the boreal winter and better representation of the variability of convection are evident. In particular, the diurnal cycle of precipitation has phase and amplitude in good agreement with observations. Also improved is the large-scale organization of the tropical convection, especially superclusters associated with Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)-like systems. Location and propagation characteristics, as well as lower-tropospheric cyclonic and upper-tropospheric anticyclonic gyres, are more realistic than in the standard CAM. Finally, the simulations support an analytic theory of dynamical coupling between organized convection and equatorial beta-plane vorticity dynamics associated with MJO-like systems.

scholarly journals Strong Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions during a Short-Term Hot Event over the Western Pacific Warm Pool in Response to El Niño

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 3841-3865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixing Chen ◽  
Huiling Qin
Keyword(s):  
Convective Instability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
The Western Pacific ◽  
Hot Event

Abstract A short-term hot event with a very high sea surface temperature (SST ≥ 30°C) occurred in the western Pacific warm pool during November 2006. The interactions between this ocean hot event, atmospheric convection, and large-scale dynamics are studied using satellite observations, buoy measurements, air–sea fluxes analysis, and global reanalysis. It is shown that SST variation and deep convection over the western Pacific behave like a remote response to the El Niño warm SST anomaly in the central Pacific that induces westward-moving atmospheric convection and equatorial waves. The large-scale subsidence associated with propagating convection not only promotes high SSTs in the western Pacific through establishing cloud-free conditions and increasing heat content in a thin ocean mixed layer, but also produces convective instability through capping substantial water vapor in the lower troposphere. Under the precondition of convective instability and the steering of tropical easterlies, some convective systems propagate coherently from the central to western Pacific and intensify. In particular, new cloud clusters are dynamically attracted to the warmest oceans with maximum atmospheric instability. The enhanced convective activity then transfers oceanic energy into the atmosphere, strengthens upper-ocean mixing, and returns the positive SST anomalies to more typical values. In such a coupled system, synoptic-scale convective activities at an interval of 5–8 days are selectively amplified and thus are filtered to an intraseasonal (20–30-day) oscillation, depending on the phase of the hot event over the western Pacific. The observed evidence has implications for the predictability of short-term climate, and it offers critical information for validating the coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics in climate models.

scholarly journals KETERKAITAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM PADA GLASIAL AKHIR - HOLOSEN TERHADAP TINGKAT KEANEKARAGAMAN FORAMINIFERA DI LAUT HALMAHERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitria Ratna Pratiwi ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto ◽  
Luli Gustiantini ◽  
Nazar Nurdin ◽  
Mira Yosi
Keyword(s):  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool

Laut Halmahera terletak pada Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), yaitu pusat konveksi panas di Samudera Pasifik Barat tropis. Laut ini merupakan salah satu jalur masuk Arlindo yang menghubungkan massa air Samudera Pasifik dengan Samudera Hindia. Sehingga area ini penting untuk rekonstruksi paleoklimat. Peristiwa perubahan glasial akhir-interglasial (Holosen) merupakan peristiwa di masa lalu yang sangat mempengaruhi kondisi Laut Halmahera. Salah satu proksi yang dapat digunakan untuk mencatat perubahan iklim di masa lalu adalah sisa-sisa makhluk hidup, termasuk foraminifera. Perubahan yang terjadi pada foraminifera dapat diamati dari tingkat  keanekaragaman, kemelimpahan, dominansi, dan keseragaman. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel sedimen bor MD10-3339, yang diambil di Laut Halmahera (00o26,67’LS dan 128o50,33’BT) pada kedalaman 1.919 m, dalam survei MONOCIR 2 tahun 2010. Sampel yang digunakan pada rentang 20 cm hingga 1.930 cm dengan interval 60 cm pada tiap sampel, yang dianggap mewakili waktu terjadinya glasial-interglasial. 30 sampel kemudian diamati dan dilakukan analisis secara kuantitatif. Teridentifikasi 52 spesies yang terdiri dari 32 spesies foraminifera bentonik dan 21 spesies foraminifera planktonik. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman, nilai indeks keseragaman, dan indeks dominansi menunjukkan nilai yang fluktuatif sejak glasial-interglasial, dengan nilai rata-rata 1,66; 0,35; dan 0,3. Walaupun tidak menunjukkan pola glasial-interglasial, namun pada sekitar umur 12.519 BP, nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan nilai keseragaman menunjukkan nilai yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai yang lain yaitu 1,102 dan 0,26. Sebaliknya, indeks dominansi mencapai nilai tertinggi yaitu 0,55.  Selain itu, persentase P. obliqueloculata pada umur ini menjadi sangat dominan yaitu 73,05%. Hal tersebut kemungkinan berkaitan dengan peristiwa Younger Dryas.

Just aFAD? Ecosystem impacts of tuna purse‐seine fishing associated with fish aggregating devices in the western Pacific Warm Pool Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane P. Griffiths ◽  
Valerie Allain ◽  
Simon D. Hoyle ◽  
Tim A. Lawson ◽  
Simon J. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Warm Pool ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Western Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Ecosystem Impacts ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Fish Aggregating Devices ◽  
The Western Pacific

Role of Abnormally Enhanced MJO over the Western Pacific in the Formation and Subseasonal Predictability of the Record-Breaking Northeast Asian Heatwave in the Summer of 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 3333-3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Yitian Qian ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Hiroyuki Murakami ◽  
Yingxia Gao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
The Western Pacific

AbstractIn the summer of 2018, Northeast Asia experienced a heatwave event that broke the existing high-temperature records in several locations in Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and northeastern China. At the same time, an unusually strong Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was observed to stay over the western Pacific warm pool. Based on reanalysis diagnosis, numerical experiments, and assessments of real-time forecast data from two subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) models, we discovered the importance of the western Pacific MJO in the generation of this heatwave event, as well as its predictability at the subseasonal time scale. During the prolonged extreme heat period (11 July–14 August), a high pressure anomaly with variability at the intraseasonal (30–90 days) time scale appeared over Northeast Asia, causing persistent adiabatic heating and clear skies in this region. As shown in the composites of MJO-related convection and circulation anomalies, the occurrence of this 30–90-day high anomaly over Northeast Asia was linked with an anomalous wave train induced by tropical heating associated with the western tropical Pacific MJO. The impact of the MJO on the heatwave was further confirmed by sensitivity experiments with a coupled GCM. As the western Pacific MJO-related components were removed by nudging prognostic variables over the tropics toward their annual cycle and longer time scales (>90 days) in the coupled GCM, the anomalous wave train along the East Asian coast disappeared and the surface air temperature in Northeast Asia lowered. The MJO over the western Pacific warm pool also influenced the predictability of the extratropical heatwave. Our assessments of two S2S models’ real-time forecasts suggest that the extremity of this Northeast Asian heatwave can be better predicted 1–4 weeks in advance if the enhancement of MJO convection over the western Pacific warm pool is predicted well.

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