Law & Psychiatry: Regulating Psychotherapy or Restricting Freedom of Speech? California’s Ban on Sexual Orientation Change Efforts

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Paul S. Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Orientation Change ◽  
Change Efforts

Parent-Initiated Sexual Orientation Change Efforts With LGBT Adolescents: Implications for Young Adult Mental Health and Adjustment

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Ryan ◽  
Russell B. Toomey ◽  
Rafael M. Diaz ◽  
Stephen T. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Orientation Change ◽  
Change Efforts

A Voice in the Room: The Function of State Legislative Bans on Sexual Orientation Change Efforts for Minors

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcangelo S. Cella
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Orientation Change ◽  
Mental Health Profession ◽  
History Of ◽  
Change Efforts

Throughout the history of the mental health profession, many psychotherapists have asserted that homosexuality is a mental condition or defect that may be corrected through treatment. Homosexuality was not officially declassified as a mental illness until 1973, and it was not until recently that mainstream mental health organizations renounced the claim that therapy can alter sexual orientation. Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) involve various types of psychotherapy, from the familiar and seemingly benign talk therapy to forms of behavioral therapy that include “masturbatory reconditioning, rest, visits to prostitutes[,] excessive bicycle riding,” and even physical abuse. SOCE are now widely regarded by mainstream mental health practitioners as unscientific, ineffective, and mentally and emotionally harmful. Nevertheless, due to persistent societal disapproval of homosexuality, some mental health providers continue to engage in SOCE, often causing their patients to experience shame and anxiety well into adulthood.

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