Detecting a Single Automation Failure: The Impact of Expected (But Not Experienced) Automation Reliability

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110371
Author(s):  
Vanessa K. Bowden ◽  
Natalie Griffiths ◽  
Luke Strickland ◽  
Shayne Loft
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Objective Examine the impact of expected automation reliability on trust, workload, task disengagement, nonautomated task performance, and the detection of a single automation failure in simulated air traffic control. Background Prior research has focused on the impact of experienced automation reliability. However, many operational settings feature automation that is reliable to the extent that operators will seldom experience automation failures. Despite this, operators must remain aware of when automation is at greater risk of failing. Method Participants performed the task with or without conflict detection/resolution automation. Automation failed to detect/resolve one conflict (i.e., an automation miss). Expected reliability was manipulated via instructions such that the expected level of reliability was (a) constant or variable, and (b) the single automation failure occurred when expected reliability was high or low. Results Trust in automation increased with time on task prior to the automation failure. Trust was higher when expecting high relative to low reliability. Automation failure detection was improved when the failure occurred under low compared with high expected reliability. Subjective workload decreased with automation, but there was no improvement to nonautomated task performance. Automation increased perceived task disengagement. Conclusions Both automation reliability expectations and task experience played a role in determining trust. Automation failure detection was improved when the failure occurred at a time it was expected to be more likely. Participants did not effectively allocate any spared capacity to nonautomated tasks. Applications The outcomes are applicable because operators in field settings likely form contextual expectations regarding the reliability of automation.

Design of a conflict-detection air traffic control tool for the implementation of continuous climb operations: A case study at Palma TMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (13) ◽  
pp. 4839-4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A Pérez-Castán ◽  
Fernando Gómez Comendador ◽  
Álvaro Rodríguez-Sanz ◽  
Rocío Barragán ◽  
Rosa M Arnaldo-Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Static Approach ◽  
Operational Concept ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Tool

Continuous climb operation is an operational concept that allows airlines to perform an optimal departing trajectory avoiding air traffic control segregation requirements. This concept implies the design and integration of air traffic flows for the sake of safety performance. This paper designs a new conflict-detection air traffic control tool based on the blocking-area concept, characterises the conflict probability between air traffic flows and assesses the impact of continuous climb operation integration in a terminal manoeuvring area. In this paper, a conflict is set out by the infringement of vertical and longitudinal separation minima and coincides with the probability of air traffic control tool usage. Moreover, this research discusses two different approaches for the conflict-detection air traffic control tool: a static approach considering nominal continuous climb operations and landing trajectories, and a dynamic approach that assesses 105 continuous climb operations and landing trajectories. Finally, the air traffic control tool is implemented using Palma TMA data and proves that out of 11 intersections (between departing and landing routes), solely 4 generate vertical separation infringements. The conflict probability between continuous climb operations and arrivals is less than 10−5. Except for one intersection, that is roughly 10−2, similar to current air traffic control intervention designed levels. Therefore, results conclude the viability of the conflict-detection air traffic control tool and continuous climb operations integration.

The Impact of Ability and Participation on Trustworthiness and Task Performance in Virtual Teams

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie M. Fuller ◽  
Douglas P. Twitchell ◽  
Kent Marett ◽  
A. J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Study Teams ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

The relationship between trust and task performance in virtual teams is well established. Currently, studies examine key antecedent to trust in groups, the perceived ability of other group members. While it has been shown that perceived ability of teammates contributes to trust, little is known about how the perceptions of ability are formed in virtual teams. In this study, teams performed a decision-making task in a synchronous computer-mediated communication environment. As teams were limited to verbal communication, the authors examined the relationship between participant ability and verbal communication amount, as well as team member perceptions of their partners’ ability based on the amount of participation. The results show that participants who perceive themselves to have higher ability communicate more, whereas those who speak more are rated by their teammates to have lower ability. Based on the results, post hoc analysis explored the relationship between reduced participation and perceived ability.

An analysis of relational complexity in an air traffic control conflict detection task

Ergonomics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 1508-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Boag ◽  
Andrew Neal ◽  
Shayne Loft ◽  
Graeme S. Halford
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Relational Complexity

Reducing Situation Awareness Errors in Air Traffic Control

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Expected Information ◽  
The Impact

Since situation awareness (SA) is vital to the decision process, SA errors can degrade decision making. Many SA errors occur when all the relevant information has been correctly perceived. In these cases, the information's significance is not comprehended, and a representational error occurs. Schema influence this comprehension aspect of SA. This study investigates the impact of information with certain schema related characteristics on SA: (1) schema bizarre information will impact SA more than schema irrelevant information, and (2) schema unexpected information will impact SA more than the absence of schema expected information. Using a high fidelity air traffic control simulation, misinformation was provided to the controller and schema related cues were furnished to indicate the error. The results indicated that (1) schema bizarre cues impacted SA more than schema irrelevant cues and (2) no difference existed between the impact of the absence of schema expected cues and schema unexpected cues. Additionally the results emphasize the difficulty incurred when trying to prevent SA errors.

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