scholarly journals Health Inequalities in the Time of COVID-19: The Globally Reinforcing Need to Strengthen Health Inequalities Research Capacities

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142199393
Author(s):  
Lucinda Cash-Gibson ◽  
Juan M. Pericàs ◽  
Eliana Martinez-Herrera ◽  
Joan Benach
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital ◽  
Strong Capacity

The full impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is yet to be well established; however, as the pandemic spreads, and early results emerge, unmet needs are being revealed, and pressing questions are being asked about who is most affected, how, where, and in what ways government responses might be exacerbating inequalities. A number of scholars have called for more in-depth critical research on COVID-19 and health inequalities to produce a strong empirical evidence based on these issues. There are also justifiable concerns about the scarcity of health-equity actions oriented analyses of the situation and calls for more empirical evidence on COVID-19 and health inequalities. A preliminary condition to establish this type of information is strong capacity to conduct health inequalities research. Worldwide, however, this type of capacity is limited, which, alongside other challenges, will likely hinder capacities of many countries to develop comprehensive equity-oriented COVID-19 analyses, and adequate responses to present and future crises. The current pandemic reinforces the pending need to invest in and strengthen these research capacities. These capacities must be supported by widespread recognition and concern, cognitive social capital, and greater commitment to coordinated, transparent action, and responsibility. Otherwise, we will remain inadequately prepared to respond and meet our society’s unmet needs.

Health Difference, Disparity, Inequality, or Inequity—What Difference Does It Make What We Call It?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Braveman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Technical Issues

Over the past two and a half decades, distinct approaches have been taken to defining and measuring health inequalities or disparities and health equity. Some efforts have focused on technical issues in measurement, often without addressing the implications for the concepts themselves and how that might influence action. Others have focused on the concepts, often without addressing the implications for measurement. This chapter contrasts approaches that have been proposed, examining their conceptual bases and implications for measurement and policy. It argues for an approach to defining health inequalities and health equity that centers on notions of justice and has its basis in ethical and human rights principles as well as empirical evidence. According to this approach, health inequality or disparity is used to refer to a subset of health differences that are closely linked with—but not necessarily proven caused by—social disadvantage. The term “inequity,” which means injustice, could also be used, but arguments are presented for using it somewhat more sparingly, for those inequalities or disparities in health or its determinants that we know are caused by social disadvantage.

scholarly journals Knowledge Sharing Para Karyawan Minimarket: Perspektif Social Capital

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Sri Raharso ◽  
Sri Surjani Tjahjawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

The purpose of this paper is to investigate model that explores the influence of social capital (structural, relational, and cognitive social capital) on knowledge sharing. The survey was administered in minimarket at Bandung. Employees of the minimarket participated in the survey, 180 surveys were used to investigate a research model and hypotheses using factor analysis and multiple regression. The research confirmed the importance of social capital in the context of knowledge sharing. The paper provides empirical evidence that every social capital dimensions have a significant effect on knowledge sharing. Cognitive social capital has the strongest effect on employees’ knowledge sharing. Finally, there are inter-relationships among the dimensions of social capital.

scholarly journals From fringe to centre-stage: experiences of mainstreaming health equity in a health research collaboration

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Porroche-Escudero ◽  
Jennie Popay ◽  
Fiona Ward ◽  
Saiqa Ahmed ◽  
Dorkas Akeju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Applied Health Research

Abstract Background Action to address the structural determinants of health inequalities is prioritized in high-level initiatives such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and many national health strategies. Yet, the focus of much local policy and practice is on behaviour change. Research shows that whilst lifestyle approaches can improve population health, at best they fail to reduce health inequalities because they fail to address upstream structural determinants of behaviour and health outcomes. In health research, most efforts have been directed at three streams of work: understanding causal pathways; evaluating the equity impact of national policy; and developing and evaluating lifestyle/behavioural approaches to health improvement. As a result, there is a dearth of research on effective interventions to reduce health inequalities that can be developed and implemented at a local level. Objective To describe an initiative that aimed to mainstream a focus on health equity in a large-scale research collaboration in the United Kingdom and to assess the impact on organizational culture, research processes and individual research practice. Methods The study used multiple qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, focus groups and workshops (n = 131 respondents including Public Advisers, university, National Health Service (NHS), and local and document review. Results utilizing Extended Normalization Process Theory (ENPT) and gender mainstreaming theory, the evaluation illuminated (i) the processes developed by Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care North West Coast to integrate ways of thinking and acting to tackle the upstream social determinants of health inequities (i.e. to mainstream a health equity focus) and (ii) the factors that promoted or frustrated these efforts. Conclusions Findings highlight the role of contextual factors and processes aimed at developing and implementing a robust strategy for mainstreaming health equity as building blocks for transformative change in applied health research.

scholarly journals Trade Linkages between Malaysia and the OIC Member Countries: Empirical Evidence Based on Gravity Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1938-1944
Author(s):  
Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin ◽  
Mohd Dan Jantan ◽  
Nurulhuda Mohd Satar ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Evidence Based
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