Does social capital determine health? Empirical evidence from MENA countries

Abstract Background Research has confirmed the importance of workplace social capital in the nursing workforce. Integration of the empirical evidence about nurses’ workplace social capital into a scientific collection can provide a comprehensive presentation of this concept. This scientific collection can be a conduit for further research and advancement of nursing management and leadership. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to discuss the process of developing a conceptual model of nurses’ workplace social capital, an effective and concise approach to illustrate a scientific phenomenon. Methods The model of nurses’ workplace social capital was developed following Walker and Avant’s strategy of theory synthesis. Empirical evidence relevant to nurses’ workplace social capital was synthesized by systematically examining the existing literature. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched periodically from October 2017 to July 2020. Results Our proposed conceptual model lays out the determinants and outcomes of nurses’ workplace social capital and specifies the relational statements among these concepts. Nurses’ workplace social capital is influenced by the organizational and individual determinants shaped by multiple layers of sub-concepts. The development and implementation of nurses’ workplace social capital has three themes of consequences: 1) nurses’ outcomes; 2) patients’ outcomes; and 3) organizational outcomes. All the concepts and statements have been organized and aligned with the principles of “inventory of determinants or results” and “theoretical blocks”. Conclusion Our theoretical synthesis offers a comprehensive picture of the current knowledge of nurses’ workplace social capital. Efforts should be dedicated to evaluating, revising, and revamping this newly developed model based on future empirical evidence. Our synthesized conceptual model is the segue to more comprehensive studies about nurses’ workplace social capital. Interventional programs for the development of social capital can be structured based on the identified determinants.

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The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth

Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1207-4.ch015 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 266-290

Author(s):

Noha A. Farrag ◽

Asmaa M. Ezzat

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Random Effects ◽

Negative Impact ◽

European Countries ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Mena Countries ◽

The Impact

Even though corruption is correlated to political and moral degradation, there is no consensus on the impact of corruption on economic growth. Although, theory leans to the view that corruption has negative impact on growth, still empirical evidence and counter arguments show that there might be positive implications for corruption. This paper compares the corruption impact on growth in 17 developed European countries vs. 15 developing MENA countries using a pooled OLS model and a random effects model for the period (1999-2012). This paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of corruption on growth in scarcely examined countries in Europe and MENA. Also, the paper findings are intriguing because they show that the region, as a proxy to degree of development, significantly influences the effect of corruption on economic growth.

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The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth

Handbook of Research on Comparative Economic Development Perspectives on Europe and the MENA Region - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9548-1.ch005 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 74-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noha A. Farrag ◽

Asmaa M. Ezzat

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Random Effects ◽

Negative Impact ◽

European Countries ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Mena Countries ◽

The Impact

Even though corruption is correlated to political and moral degradation, there is no consensus on the impact of corruption on economic growth. Although, theory leans to the view that corruption has negative impact on growth, still empirical evidence and counter arguments show that there might be positive implications for corruption. This paper compares the corruption impact on growth in 17 developed European countries vs. 15 developing MENA countries using a pooled OLS model and a random effects model for the period (1999-2012). This paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of corruption on growth in scarcely examined countries in Europe and MENA. Also, the paper findings are intriguing because they show that the region, as a proxy to degree of development, significantly influences the effect of corruption on economic growth.

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Social Capital, Credit Access and Household Nonfarm Enterprises in Nigeria: A new Empirical Evidence

Forum for Social Economics ◽

10.1080/07360932.2020.1825983 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Emmanuel O. Nwosu ◽

Anthony Orji ◽

Nathaniel E. Urama ◽

Chisom Emecheta ◽

Queen O. Chukwuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Credit Access

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Growth and environmental degradation in MENA countries: methodological issues and empirical evidence

Middle East Development Journal ◽

10.1080/17938120.2019.1673090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 251-269

Author(s):

Imad A. Moosa

Keyword(s):

Empirical Evidence ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Mena Countries

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Women in leadership in Kuwait: a research agenda

Gender in Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/gm-02-2016-0025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 141-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Athmar Al-Salem ◽

Mark Speece

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Gulf Cooperation Council ◽

Women In Leadership ◽

Cultural Barriers ◽

Content Type ◽

Mena Countries ◽

Women In Management ◽

General Acceptance ◽

Managerial Positions

Purpose This study aims to examine perceptions in Kuwait about women’s leadership in management. Design/methodology/approach This study includes a review of data on the gender gap across Middle East/North Africa (MENA) countries, comparison with selected Asian and Western countries and summaries of multiple small surveys in Kuwait on women in management. The surveys were all convenience samples ranging from 100-500, targeting middle-class respondents. Findings The MENA is behind most of the world in closing the gender gap, but progress among Gulf Cooperation Council countries has been fairly rapid. Many Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) indicators are comparable to other non-Western cultural areas. Multiple surveys in Kuwait show fairly widespread acceptance of women in leadership positions. Respondents feel that characteristics of women vs men managers are different, but strengths and weaknesses by gender balance out, so that men and women perform about the same. Traditional Kuwaiti culture seems conducive to women in management, but some specific cultural barriers remain. In particular, the diwaniyya, social gatherings to network and discuss current affairs, and wasta, connections, are dominated by men in modern Kuwaiti society. These are essentially social capital issues. Practical implications Fostering continued progress for women in management requires recognition of the actual social and cultural situation; simply arguing that Kuwait should be more Western in how it does things does not seem very useful. Originality/value Research on women in management in MENA is not very extensive, but is important for understanding how to facilitate opportunities for women. In Kuwait, there seems to be general acceptance that women can be leaders in managerial positions, and little overt discrimination. However, lack of access to traditional social capital networks puts women at a disadvantage. Research needs to focus on this issue to help develop ways to overcome this subtle obstacle to further progress.

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