The Effect of Elastic Compression on Calf Muscle Pump Function

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christopoulos ◽  
A. N. Nicolaides ◽  
G. Belcaro ◽  
P. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Haemodynamic Effect ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Venous Capacitance ◽  
Elastic Compression ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump ◽  
Elastic Stockings ◽  
Venous Volume

The haemodynamic effect of elastic compression has been evaluated in 23 patients (26 limbs) with superficial venous incompetence. Ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) and pressure recovery time (RT90) were measured with foot vein canulation. Also the functional venous volume (VV) (venous capacitance), venous reflux and the ejecting capacity of the calf muscle pump were measured with air-plethysmography. The above measurements were made with and without a graduated compression elastic stocking. Elastic compression produced a significant reduction in VV ( P < 0.01). Also a significant decrease in venous reflux and increase in the ejecting capacity of the calf muscle pump ( P < 0.01). The above alterations explain the significant reduction in AVP and prolongation of RT90 ( P < 0.01) which was observed as a result of elastic compression. The measurements made in this study demonstrate in an objective and quantitative way the beneficial effect of elastic stockings in patients with superficial venous incompetence and how this effect is achieved.

The Long-Term Effect of Elastic Compression on the Venous Haemodynamics of the Leg

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christopoulos ◽  
A. N. Nicolaides ◽  
G. Belcaro
Keyword(s):  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Haemodynamic Effect ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Elastic Compression ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Venous Volume

The long-term haemodynamic effect of elastic compression has been evaluated in 16 patients (20 limbs) with superficial venous incompetence. Ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) and pressure recovery time (RT90) were measured with foot vein canulation. Air-plethysmography was used to measure venous volume, venous reflux and the ejecting capacity of the calf muscle pump, before and after the application of graduated elastic stockings, for 4 weeks. Limbs were tested without the stockings. Elastic compression for 4 weeks produced a significant reduction in the venous volume ( P < 0.01), a significant decrease in venous reflux and an increase in the ejecting capacity of the calf muscle pump ( P < 0.01). The above changes explain the significant reduction in AVP and prolongation of RT90 ( P < 0.01) which was observed. The results indicate that there is a considerable improvement in venous haemodynamics after 4 weeks support with graduated elastic compression.

scholarly journals The development of postthrombotic syndrome in relationship to venous reflux and calf muscle pump dysfunction at 2 years after the onset of deep venous thrombosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
José H. Haenen ◽  
Mirian C.H. Janssen ◽  
Hub Wollersheim ◽  
Martin A. Van't Hof ◽  
M.J.M. de Rooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Postthrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump

Effect of gaiters on muscle pump activity in healthy volunteers

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
H IWata ◽  
M Hirai ◽  
K Miyazaki ◽  
A Koyama ◽  
K Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
Elastic Stockings ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

Objectives: Exercise of the leg with external limb compression has been reported to be useful for preventing and reducing leg oedema. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leg gaiters on calf muscle pump activity. Methods: Continuous measurements of the interface pressure at the leg during exercise and determination of the femoral venous velocity at the groin during exercise were carried out in healthy volunteers with elastic stockings alone, leg gaiters alone and gaiters over the elastic stockings. Results: The greatest pressure difference between muscle contraction and relaxation during exercise was observed when gaiters were applied over the elastic stockings at the calf. Gaiters alone without elastic stockings led to a significantly greater pressure difference between muscle contraction and relaxation during exercise than elastic stockings alone (P, 0.01). A significantly higher value of the peak flow velocity of the femoral vein was observed with the combined use of gaiters and elastic stockings than the single use of elastic stockings. Conclusions: Leg gaiters have a beneficial effect of augmenting venous femoral blood flow during calf muscle pump activity in volunteers with a normal valve function of leg veins.

Venous reflux has a limited effect on calf muscle pump dysfunction in post-thrombotic patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
José H. HAENEN ◽  
Mirian C.H. JANSSEN ◽  
Alphonsus J.M. BRAKKEE ◽  
Herman VAN LANGEN ◽  
Hub WOLLERSHEIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump

Comparison of Three Exercises for Evaluation of the Calf Muscle Pump

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ohgi ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
T. Maeda ◽  
Y. Kanaoka ◽  
M. Ikebuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
Deep Vein

Objective: To evaluate accurately the calf muscle pump in patients with venous insufficiency using foot vein pressure measurements during three different exercises. Design: Prospective study in three groups, comparing patients with venous disease with controls. Setting: Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine. Patients: Twenty normal legs, 29 legs previously affected by deep vein thrombosis and 36 legs with primary varicose veins. Main outcome measures: The foot vein pressure was measured during ankle dorsiflexions, knee-bending and walking on the spot at 40 paces per minute during which minimum ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) and venous refilling time (VRT) were assessed. Results: The three groups differed significantly from each other in AVP and VRT after dorsiflexion and in AVP during walking on the spot, but not after knee-bending. Conclusion: Dorsiflexion is the most useful exercise distinguishing various severities of venous insufficiency, but walking on the spot is more useful for accurately evaluating the calf muscle pump.

Venous reflux has a limited effect on calf muscle pump dysfunction in post-thrombotic patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
José H. HAENEN ◽  
Mirian C. H. JANSSEN ◽  
Alphonsus J. M. BRAKKEE ◽  
Herman VAN LANGEN ◽  
Hub WOLLERSHEIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Duplex Scanning ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Reflux Time ◽  
Pump Function ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between calf muscle pump dysfunction (CMD) and the presence and location of valvular incompetence. Deep vein obstruction might influence CMD, and so venous outflow resistance (VOR) was measured. VOR and calf muscle pump function were measured in 81 patients, 7–13 years after venographically confirmed lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis. The supine venous pump function test (SVPT) measures CMD, and the VOR measures the presence of venous outflow obstructions, both with the use of strain-gauge plethysmography. Valvular incompetence was measured using duplex scanning in 16 vein segments of one leg. Venous reflux was measured in proximal veins using the Valsalva manoeuvre, and in the distal veins by distal manual compression with sudden release. Abnormal proximal venous reflux was defined as a reflux time of more than 1 s, and abnormal distal venous reflux as a reflux time of more than 0.5 s. No statistically significant relationship was found between the SVPT and either the location or the number of vein segments with reflux. Of the 81 patients, only nine still had an abnormally high VOR, and this VOR showed no relationship with the SVPT. In conclusion, venous reflux has a limited effect on CMD, as measured by the SVPT. The presence of a venous outflow obstruction did not significantly influence the SVPT. Duplex scanning and the SVPT are independent complementary tests for evaluating chronic venous insufficiency.

Calf Muscle Pump Stimulation as a Means to Reduce Symptoms of Fibromyalgia Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Baniak ◽  
Carolyn S. Pierce ◽  
Erik Hiester ◽  
Kenneth J. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Widespread Pain ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Calf Muscle Pump ◽  
Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Quiet Sitting

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a debilitating chronic condition that often affects women in midlife with widespread pain that interrupts attempts to exercise. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the efficacy of calf muscle pump (CMP) stimulation as an adjuvant therapy for FM by (1) assessing the correlation of the level of symptoms, as measured by the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and blood pressure (BP), (2) measuring change in mean FIQR scores for subjects who use a CMP-stimulation device for 12 weeks, and (3) measuring the correlation of total device usage and the level of symptoms as measured by the FIQR. The 29 male and female participants (mean age = 47.3 years) were screened using the Widespread Pain Index (WPI), Symptom Severity (SS) score, and the FIQR. Participants were contacted weekly, and progress was assessed using the WPI, SS score, and the FIQR as well as general questions regarding responses to CMP stimulation. The attrition rate was high, which is not uncommon in studies of patients with FM. We found that diastolic BP was significantly inversely correlated with baseline FIQR scores during quiet sitting. Further, 12 weeks of CMP stimulation was associated with significant improvement in average FIQR scores at a rate of approximately −1.5 points per week ( R2 = .9; p ≤ .0001). Total device usage was strongly and inversely correlated with baseline FIQR scores ( R2 = .43; p = .02). These findings suggest that CMP stimulation may provide an additional treatment option for individuals with FM who are challenged to perform traditional forms of exercise.

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