Kinematics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in World Cup Alpine Skiing

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tone Bere ◽  
Kam-Ming Mok ◽  
Hideyuki Koga ◽  
Tron Krosshaug ◽  
Lars Nordsletten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Forces in Alpine Skiing

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Herzog ◽  
Lynda Read
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Symmetric System ◽  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The purpose of this study was to estimate cruciate ligament forces in Alpine skiing during a movement that has been associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Resultant knee joint forces and moments were obtained from two skiers during a World Cup Downhill race using an inverse dynamics approach and a 2-D bilaterally symmetric system model. It was found that ACL forces were typically small for both skiers throughout the movement analyzed because quadriceps forces prevented anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur at the knee joint angles observed. However, for about 10 ms, loading conditions in the knee joint of Subject 2 (who displayed poor form) were such that large ACL forces may have been present. These particular loading conditions were never observed in Subject 1, who displayed good form. Since neither of the skiers was injured, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about isolated ACL tears in Alpine skiing from the data at hand.

Mechanisms of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in World Cup Alpine Skiing

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tone Bere ◽  
Tonje Wåle Flørenes ◽  
Tron Krosshaug ◽  
Hideyuki Koga ◽  
Lars Nordsletten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament during Alpine Skiing

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Hame ◽  
Daniel A. Oakes ◽  
Keith L. Markolf
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Full Flexion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Knee Flexion Position

Background The anterior cruciate ligament has been shown to be particularly susceptible to injury during alpine skiing. Tibial torque is an important injury mechanism, especially when applied to a fully extended or fully flexed knee. Purpose We wanted to record the forces generated in the anterior cruciate ligament with application of tibial torque to cadaveric knees in different positions. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Thirty-seven fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were instrumented with a tibial load cell that measured resultant force in the anterior cruciate ligament while internal and external tibial torques were applied to the tibia at full extension, 90° of flexion, full flexion, and forced hyperflexion. Results At each knee flexion position, mean force generated by 10 N·m of internal tibial torque was significantly higher than the mean generated by 10 N·m of external tibial torque. Mean forces generated by tibial torque at 90° of flexion were relatively low. During flexion-extension without tibial torque applied mean forces were highest (193 N) when the knee was hyperflexed. Conclusions Application of internal tibial torque to a fully extended or fully flexed knee represents the most dangerous loading condition for injury from twisting falls during skiing. Clinical Relevance Understanding of the mechanisms of falls can be used to design better equipment and to better prevent or treat injury.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Competitive Adolescent Alpine Skiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596711876683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Westin ◽  
Marita L. Harringe ◽  
Björn Engström ◽  
Marie Alricsson ◽  
Suzanne Werner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Reduced Risk

Background: There is a high risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in alpine skiers. To reduce or try to prevent these injuries, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors need to be identified. Purpose: To identify possible intrinsic and extrinsic ACL injury risk factors among competitive adolescent alpine skiers. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between 2006 and 2009, a cohort of 339 alpine ski students (176 male, 163 female) from Swedish ski high schools were prospectively observed in terms of ACL injuries. First-time ACL injuries were recorded. In September, prior to each ski season, the skiers were clinically examined according to a specific knee protocol. Results: Overall, 11 male and 14 female skiers sustained a total of 25 first-episode ACL injuries. The majority of injuries occurred in the left knee ( P < .05). Skiers who had participated in alpine skiing for >13 years (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68-1.00; P < .05) had a reduced risk of sustaining an ACL injury. Eighteen ACL injuries occurred during training, 12 in the technical discipline of giant slalom, and 8 in slalom. Fourteen skiers reported not to be fatigued at all at the time of injury, and 8 skiers reported that they were somewhat fatigued. Conclusion: ACL injuries occurred more often in the left knee than the right. This should be taken into consideration in the design of ACL injury prevention programs. Those who reported a higher number of active years in alpine skiing showed a reduced risk of sustaining an ACL injury. No other factor among those studied could be identified as an independent risk factor for ACL injury.

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