scholarly journals Ultrasound Parameters of Thyroid Nodules and the Risk of Malignancy: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327482094597
Author(s):  
Minxin Wang ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Xiaodong Zhao ◽  
Yongmei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the common choice for diagnosis of the suspected thyroid nodule. An algorithm(s) that finds the malignant potential of a nodule preoperatively, to overcome unnecessary diagnostic methods, does not exist. The objective of the study was to correlate thyroid nodule sizes measured by ultrasonography and risk of malignancy assessed by cytologic and histologic examinations. Data regarding fine-needle aspiration cytology and the results of histologic examinations of surgical specimens of 260 nodules were collected and analyzed. The macro or multiple calcifications, the complex echo pattern, and posterior region homogeneity were considered suspicious in ultrasonography. Bethesda system for classification of thyroid nodules was used for cytopathology. Histopathology performed as per the 2004 World Health Organization classification system. The benefit score analysis was performed for determination of clinical usefulness. Twenty-eight of 49 malignant nodules and 46 of 68 malignant nodules detected through ultrasound following fine-needle aspiration cytopathology and histopathology were <2 cm in size. A correlation was found for malignancy rate detected by ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and those of the surgical specimen ( r = 0.945, P = .015, R 2 = 0.894). Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology had 0.994 sensitivities, 0.721 accuracies, and 0.08 to 0.945 diagnostic confidence for the detection of malignant nodules. Nodule size less than 2 mm ( P = .011) was associated with the malignancy potential of thyroid nodules. Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology had 19 (7%) results as a false negative and 1 (1%) results were false positive. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytopathology reported oversize of thyroid nodule than original but can predict the risk of malignancy. Level of Evidence: III.

scholarly journals Technetium scintigraphy as a predictive tool of thyroid malignancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Mohanty ◽  
Sreenivas . ◽  
Vinay Raj T. ◽  
Devipriya . ◽  
Vinoth M.
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cold Nodule

<p class="abstract" style="display: inline !important;"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyromegaly is a common cause of physician consultation. Solitary thyroid nodules are conventionally viewed with suspicion. Clinical examination cannot reliably distinguish between a solitary thyroid nodule and a dominant nodule in multinodular goiter. Ultrasonographical examination has its own pitfalls. Technetium 99 is a commonly used modality for the functional assessment of solitary thyroid nodule detection. It has the advantage of low cost with lower radiation dose to the exposed patients. On literature search, studies on technetium 99 scintigraphy for thyroid in context to the Indian scenario do not yield much information and very few studies are notable. This study was conducted to correlate and qualify thyroid cold nodule as detected by Technetium 99 pertechnetate thyroid scan. <span lang="EN-IN">This study was conducted to correlate, qualify and compare the predictive value of Technetium 99 pertechnetate scintigraphy on solitary thyroid nodule via fine needle aspiration cytology and to countercheck with histopathological examination. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A prospective cohort study in a NABH, NAAC and JCI accredited tertiary care teaching university hospital was conducted over a period of 36 months. All the subjects underwent clinical assessment of the neck included standard examination techniques to segregate solitary thyroid nodules. They were then subjected to Technetium 99 pertechnate scintigraphy using the standard protocol. All the patients with solitary cold nodule underwent FNAC followed by nodule excision or hemi-thyroidectomy under general anaesthesia. All the specimens underwent histo-pathological examination by an experienced histopathologist. The results were statistically analysed using pearson chi-square test.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Cold nodules as detected by Technetium 99 pertechnetate thyroid scan is a reasonable indicator of probable malignancy via fine needle aspiration cytology. Occurrence of cold nodules is highest in 3<sup>rd</sup> to 5<sup>th</sup> decade of life (21-50 year age group). Occurrence of cold nodules is higher in females (83%) whereas occurrence of malignancy in cold nodules is higher in males (85%). Occurrence of malignancy in cold nodules is higher in subjects less than 21 and above 50 years. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Technetium 99m pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy is an important preoperative tool in management of thyroid nodules and its routine use in all such patients is recommended especially to rule out cold nodules.</span></p>

Thyroid autoimmunity and risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules submitted to fine-needle aspiration cytology

Head & Neck ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Grani ◽  
Anna Calvanese ◽  
Giovanni Carbotta ◽  
Mimma D'Alessandri ◽  
Angela Nesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

scholarly journals O31: CORRELATION BETWEEN THYROID FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY (FNAC) SCORES AND CANCER INCIDENCE ON FINAL HISTOPATHOLOGY – A MULTI-CENTRE RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Iwegbulem ◽  
Z Razzaq ◽  
F Crowley ◽  
M Majeed ◽  
D Cagney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
The Bethesda System

Abstract Introduction Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is the best diagnostic tool for evaluating thyroid nodules pre-operatively. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cyto-pathology (TBSRTC) in America and THY classification in Europe are standardized reporting systems for thyroid FNAC specimens using six categories. As compared to the first edition in 2009, a second edition of TBSRTC published in 2017 has revised risk of malignancy (ROM) for these categories, with focus on atypia of unknown significance (Thy3A) upgraded to 10-30% from previously 5-15%, and suspicion for follicular neoplasm (Thy3F) 25-40% from previous 15-30%. Method A three-year audit of thyroid surgeries performed in two high volume thyroid institutions from January 2016 to September 2019, was performed retrospectively. The FNAs were performed by thyroid specialist radiologists with a cytopathology technician in attendance for rapid on-site evaluation and reported as per TBSRTC and Thy classification, by a Consultant Cyto-pathologist from a single institution. Result A total of 702 patients were examined. There were 552 patients who had corresponding FNAC prior to surgery (mean age 53.6 years, females 79%). The rates of malignancy were, Thy1: 9.3%, Thy2: 4.6%, Thy3A: 10.8%, Thy3F: 28.7%, Thy4: 82.3% and Thy5: 100%. The main types of thyroid malignancy were Papillary (73.6%), Follicular (14.1%), Medullary (4%), Anaplastic (4.7%) and others (3.6%). Conclusion Pre-operative diagnosis of thyroid nodules using TBSRTC was comparable and the criteria helped avoid misinterpretation of results. Our results were comparable with the risk of malignancy in 2009 edition of TBSRTC, as compared to the 2017 revision. Take-home message Pre-operative diagnosis of thyroid nodules using The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cyto-pathology (TBSRTC) was comparable and the criteria helped avoid misinterpretation of results. Our results were comparable with the risk of malignancy in 2009 edition of TBSRTC, as compared to the 2017 revision.

scholarly journals Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Solitary Thyroid Nodule

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Gupta ◽  
Savita Gupta ◽  
Ved Bhushan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Background. Fine needle aspiration cytology is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a cost effective procedure that provides specific diagnosis rapidly with minimal complications. Based on the cytology findings, patients can be followed in cases of benign diagnosis and subjected to surgery in cases of malignant diagnosis thereby decreasing the rate of unnecessary surgery. Purpose of the present study was to correlate the fine needle aspiration cytology findings with histopathology of excised specimens.Material and Methods. This was a prospective study conducted on 75 consecutive patients between January 2003 and December 2005. All patients with clinically diagnosed solitary thyroid nodule who were clinically and biochemically euthyroid were included for study. Patients with multinodular goitre and who were hypothyroid or hyperthyroid were excluded from the study.Results. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive rate, false negative rate, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNAC for the diagnosis of neoplastic solitary thyroid nodules were 80%, 86.6%, 13.3%, 20%, 80%, and 86.6%, respectively. Commonest malignancy detected was papillary carcinoma in 12 patients.Conclusions. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, easy to perform, cost effective, and easily repeated procedure for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. It is recommended as the first line investigation for the diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodule.

Surgical Management of the Thyroid Nodule: Patient Selection Based on the Results of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology

1992 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bouvet ◽  
Jeffrey I. Feldman ◽  
Gordon N. Gill ◽  
Wolfgang H. Dillmann ◽  
Alan M. Nahum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

scholarly journals Is it possible to eliminate the number of inappropriate thyroid surgeries combining scintigraphy and cytology?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Smaroula Divani
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Indeterminate Cytology

Objective: Although fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the most reliable, safe and accurate method for the clinical management of abnormal thyroid nodules, 5%-15% of cases lead to indeterminate diagnoses and surgery is the recommended practice for them as they may be malignant. Nevertheless, the majority of cases with indeterminate cytology are benign, so the risk of unnecessary surgery is significant. In our study we combined FNAC and scintigraphy in order to reduce the number of inappropriate surgeries. Subjects and Methods: From 219 patients with thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology 33(9 males and 24 females) aged 18-73 years, had indeterminate FNAC diagnoses and were referred for scintigraphy. Surgery was performed in all cases. The results of FNAC, scintigraphy and histology were collected and compared. Results: From 33 cases with indeterminate cytology 32 had a benign histological diagnosis and only one was malignant (follicular Ca). That case had a positive scan. All cases with negative thyroid scans (29/33) were benign. False positive scans were 3, whereas one scan was true positive with final diagnosis follicular carcinoma. Conclusion: This study showed that combining the FNAC with the thyroid scintigraphy in cases of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology it is possible to reduce the number of inappropriate surgeries from 32 to 3.

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