Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Contributing Factors among Medical Students, a Systematic Review

Background:The use of Alcohol has become an important public health concern with a variety of negative consequences, it is important to understand the variables that may be risk factors for this phenomenon. Further, university students represent a group of individuals who have unique drinking patterns and different risk factors and concerns related to problematic drinking than the population in general. Legal substances like alcohol accounts for the vast majority of negative medical, economic, and social impact. Although alcohol use occurs across many age groups, young adults aged 18–24 years show the highest rates of alcohol use and have the greatest percentage of problems drinkers (Kandel & Logan, 1984). Namibia is ranked fifth on the African continent in terms of annual alcohol consumption with the average Namibian consuming 9.62 liters of alcohol per year (WHO 2011). This review addresses problematic drinking and the variables associated with it for medical students. The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the perception and attitude of alcohol consumption among medical students and weigh the factors associated with drinking habits. Methods:A qualitative and quantitative systematic review of article from multiple search engines. Five articles were within the inclusion criteria thus appraised and reviewed for this paper. The common study method used was cross sectional, with varying sample sizes. Commonly, the use of self-assessment questionnaires and objective AUDIT C and CAGE score evaluation were used frequently between these articles. Results:The review showed that there are multiple factors that influence the use of alcohol among medical students. Personal factors such as a new found sense of independence, peer pressure, inability to handle academic stressors. Socio-economic factors include high tolerance of alcohol use in the communities and monthly expenses. It was also noted that the use of alcohol in medical students is higher than the average university student. A highlighted noted is that the use of alcohol is much higher among male than female medical students. Conclusion:Findings suggested that the perceptions of alcohol use is depended on multiple factors majority being academic perceived stress. It is also noted that continuation of these maladaptive coping mechanisms may lead to dysfunction in the future. The findings of systematic review are limited by the number of articles appraised and reliant on the information provided by the authors.

Evaluation of the Effect of COVID-19 Pneumonia on Kidney Function

Background: Severe acute respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, kidney failure, and multi-organ failure may develop in cases that result in death due to COVID-19. It is emphasized that the awareness of healthcare professionals about kidney functions should be increased in cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. Quick and effective steps can be taken in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia with the controlling approach of nurses to changes in kidney functions. Method: This study was carried out retrospectively to evaluate the kidney functions of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia who were hospitalized in the pandemic hospital. Hospital and nurse observation files of 120 patients who were introduced to COVID-19 pneumonia between 1 May and 30 November 2020 were examined. Categorical data were described as continuous data as median with interquartile range (IQR) and percentages (%). Results: In total, 30 patients (25.0%) required mechanical ventilation, Overall, 39.1% (47) developed acute kidney injury during hospitalization, out of which 10.8% reached stage 1, 15.0% reached stage 2, and 13.3% reached stage 3. Dialytic support was required for seven (17.1% of all patients). COVID-19 pneumonia patients had higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (55.02±58.04), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (74.07±140.94), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (483.48±477.51), C-reactive protein (CRP) (88.02±72.17), D-dimer (1023±1548.01), procalcitonin (3.70± 6.52). In addition, a proportion of COVID-19 pneumonia patients but no non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients had abnormally increased AST (10.0-274.0), ALT (7.0-854.0), LDH (164-3547), CRP (5.10- 310.90), D-dimer (151-6212), procalcitonin (195-433). SpO2 of COVID-19 pneumonia patients had 78-97%, patients who need dialysis treatment due to pneumonia, follow-up coagulation profile (Procalcitonin, LDH, D-dimer), liver-renal function (ALT, AST, Creatine, Urea, Albumin), assessing signs of DVT and psychological support. 89 patients (74.2%) received corticosteroid, 73 patients (60.8%) received expectorant, 61 patients (50.8%) received vitamin C or B complex, 110 patients (91.7%) received anticoagulant and 73 patients (60.8%) received antibiotics. All of the COVID-19 pneumonia patients received the antiviral drug. Conclusion: As the disease progresses, differences in laboratory results and radiological findings may indicate that some complications have developed. COVID-19 pneumonia draws attention with liver function tests such as AST / ALT, LDH, infection markers in the blood, and the high rate of coagulation factors such as PCT and D-dimer during the hospital stay. The fact that these elevated values ​​may cause necrosis in the kidneys also brings about the truth. Careful monitoring of laboratory findings such as elevation of AST / ALT, LDH, PCT, and D-dimer in patients who develop pneumonia due to COVID-19 may provide early action for kidney damage.

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Nursing Home Staff and the Need for Ongoing Education and Vaccine Access

Objective: To study vaccine hesitancy among health care workers who provide direct care in nursing homes and long term care facilities which cater to the most vulnerable population of the community. Design: This is a cross sectional cohort study Setting and participants: The study was conducted on the front line healthcare workers who work in long term care facilities. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted on the certified nurse assistants on November 16th 2020 which reached 7000 survey recipients. Results: Out of 7000 survey recipients, 3119 responded (45% response rate). There was 71.6% (2,233) negative response about taking the covid19 vaccine due to lack of trust and education of information Conclusions and implications: Our study concluded that the vaccine hesitancy is high among the health care workers of long-term care facility and that ongoing education and interactive dialogue with certified nurse assistants and ongoing access to vaccine is critical as the willingness improves.

Our Acupuncture Experıences in Patıents with Remarkable Leg Syndrome: Pilot Study

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disease characterized by an undescribable abnormal sensation, a kind of dysesthesia, especially in the legs. It is characteristic for restless legs syndrome that the symptoms are circadian in nature, that is, they are more pronounced in the evening and at night, and occur or increase at rest. In response to these effects, when the effects of acupuncture on various systems and symptoms and the mechanisms of these effects are evaluated, the benefits of acupuncture in restless legs syndrome may be the subject of research. This study was carried out on patients who applied to Konya Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Traditional and Complementary Medicine Center with the complaints of restless legs syndrome. In addition, nothing was requested from the participants. Informed consent form was obtained. Both body and ear acupuncture were applied for 10 sessions once a week. ST-33,34,35,GB-34, H-7LU-9,P-6,SI-3 points and shen-men,zero,knee on the ear , depression points were pricked. Electro acupuncture was applied for 20 minutes.) Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale questionnaire and john hopkins scale were applied to the participants before and after acupuncture. .Pittsburgh sleep quality index mean pre-acupuncture:35.5.Post acupuncture Pittsburgh sleep quality index mean:24. With the application of acupuncture, progress can be made in the treatment of restless legs syndrome that does not respond to conventional treatment.

Review of Cooperative health in the COVID-19 era

The governance of migratory flows, understood as a system of co-management co-responsibility between institutional and private, political and social actors with respect to their identity and occupational health is addressed in the present non-experimental, exploratory and cross-sectional work with a non-probabilistic sample selection of 100 former migrants from central Mexico. From a structural model seven factors were established regarding framing, demands, resources, risks, opportunities, capabilities and employment. Based on the literature consulted, the limits, scope and lines of research aimed at deepening the effects of the variables and factors in an intercultural scenario are noticed.

Clinical Improvement of Cervical Disc Herniation 24 hours after a Single Oxygen-Ozone Injection

Oxygen-ozone therapy is a minimally invasive treatment for disc herniation, compared to surgery, which uses the beneficial biochemical properties of a gas mixture of ozone and oxygen. A satisfactory efficacy is usually obtained within one month after the injection. We assessed the therapeutic outcome of a single injection of oxygen-ozone in a symptomatic patient with C5-C6 cervical discal herniation with compression of the nerve roots. He experienced immediate pain relief seconds after the injection, and neuro-imaging improvement 24 hours afterwards. To our knowledge this is the fastest improvement ever reported in literature.

Ozone Therapy for Remaining Symptoms after covid Infection in Male Patients

At the end of March, the total number of cases in China, where 3318 people died, is 81.589. The countries with the highest number of approved cases are America (244 thousand), Italy (115 thousand) and Spain (112 thousand), respectively. In Italy, where the largest number of people died, 13 915 people died15 According to the WHO statement on March 3, 2020, the global fatality rate is 3.4. Determination of seasonal respiratory virus or bacteriological factor in samples taken in the patient according to the possible case definition does not rule out the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Patients who received conventional covid treatment in 2021 were included in the study. As exclusion criteria, patients with favism disease and over 100 mg of salicylic acid treatment, and those with ozone and citrus-allergy were excluded from the study. After the informed consent form was signed by the patients, the dose of gamma was increased by 10 in weekly sessions, starting from 10 gamma. major autohomeopathy was applied. The ozone therapy dose was terminated at 40-45 gamma. Peripheral nodular ground glass densities were found in both lung parenchyma in the computed tomography findings of patients receiving Covid-19 treatment before ozone therapy. It was reported in accordance with high-grade thorax computed tomography findings in terms of coronavirus infection. While the patient's complaints decreased after the 3rd session of major autohomeopathy treatment, it was determined that the symptoms decreased a lot in the 5th session.

Desarda repair no Mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia (A study of 2793 patients)

Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of Desarda repair no mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia. Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial study of 2793 patients having 2936 hernias operated from January 2002 to December 2020.1434 patients were operated using Lichtenstein repair and 1359 using Desarda repair. The variables like age, sex, location, type of hernia, tolerance to local anesthesia, duration of surgery, pain on the first, third and fifth day, hospital stay, complications, re-explorations, morbidity and time to return to normal activities were analyzed. Follow up period was from 1-10 years (median 6.5 years). Results: There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, location, type of hernia, and pain in both the groups. The operation time was 53 minutes in Desarda group and 43 minutes in the Lichtenstein group that is significant (p<0.05).The recurrence was 0.4 % in Desarda group and 0.4 % in Lichtenstein group. But, there were 14 cases of infection to the polypropylene mesh in the Lichtenstein group, 7 of this required re-exploration. The morbidity was also significantly more in Lichtenstein group (5,1 %) as compared to Desarda group (3.1 %). The mean time to return to work in the Desarda group was 8.26 days while a mean of 12.58 days was in the Lichtenstein group. The mean hospital stay was 29 hrs. In Desarda group while it was 49 hours in the Lichtenstein group in those patients who were hospitalized. Conclusions: Desarda repair scores significantly over the Lichtenstein repair in all respects including re-explorations and morbidity. Desarda repair is a better choice as compared with Lichtenstein repair.

Values of Obese Male Patients Performed with Acupuncture

Obesity is a disease defined by excessive fat storage in the body. It is an energy balance problem; the increase in body fat is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The practice of acupuncture views the body as a combination of the soul and the body, not merely as a physical structure. This interpretation can lead to a successful therapy for the treatment of chronic pain. One of the factors for its success is the concept of the functional evaluation of the organ. According to acupuncture, the organs are alive and vitality is provided by the energy of life called ‘’qi’’ Pathogens that interrupt and obstruct the flow of qi form diseases. Acupuncture needles are inserted at specific points on the Bonghan channels and the qi stream is regulated by electron transfer. The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in xxx University’s GETAT Center. Patients aged between 18–65 years with a BMI > 25 were included in the study. Acupuncture was shown to be effective not only in the obese groups but also in the control groups. Therefore, it could be beneficial in preventing weight gain. Both ear and body acupuncture points were used effectively in obesity patients. Therefore, acupuncture may be recommended as an effective adjunct in the treatment of obesity. Acupuncture can reduce the stress of patients on diets and increase patient compliance.

Ozone Therapy for Remaining Symptoms after covid Infection in Male Patients

At the end of March, the total number of cases in China, where 3318 people died, is 81.589. The countries with the highest number of approved cases are America (244 thousand), Italy (115 thousand) and Spain (112 thousand), respectively. In Italy, where the largest number of people died, 13 915 people died15 According to the WHO statement on March 3, 2020, the global fatality rate is 3.4. Determination of seasonal respiratory virus or bacteriological factor in samples taken in the patient according to the possible case definition does not rule out the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Patients who received conventional covid treatment in 2021 were included in the study. As exclusion criteria, patients with favism disease and over 100 mg of salicylic acid treatment, and those with ozone and citrus-allergy were excluded from the study. After the informed consent form was signed by the patients, the dose of gamma was increased by 10 in weekly sessions, starting from 10 gamma. major autohomeopathy was applied. The ozone therapy dose was terminated at 40-45 gamma. Peripheral nodular ground glass densities were found in both lung parenchyma in the computed tomography findings of patients receiving Covid-19 treatment before ozone therapy. It was reported in accordance with high-grade thorax computed tomography findings in terms of coronavirus infection. While the patient's complaints decreased after the 3rd session of major autohomeopathy treatment, it was determined that the symptoms decreased a lot in the 5th session.