A design of compound tailored illumination by a total-internal-reflection lens for machine vision

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352199159
Author(s):  
X Sun ◽  
LB Kong ◽  
PY Zhou ◽  
M Xu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Internal Reflection ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Uniform Illumination ◽  
Total Internal Reflection Lens

In machine vision systems, the objectives to be detected, such as circuit boards, may be composed of many different materials and shapes, which can lead to highlights, shadows and error information in captured images under traditional uniform illumination. A lighting system that generates tailored irradiance in different regions in machine vision is needed. This paper proposes a design method for an LED lens and obtains special total-internal-reflection (TIR) lenses that generate tailored illumination, which can adapt to the reflectance and shape of a target. Differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) based on the conservation of flux are established to ensure the uniform illumination on the targets, nonlinear equations based on the edge-ray principle are employed to generate the spots with tailored shapes and the numerical solutions can be fitted into the proposed lenses. Six different tailored faculae are generated to verify the proposed method. The results show that the uniformity of tailored facula can exceed 87%, and the light efficiency can exceed 85%. In particular, the contrast of the irradiance among different regions can be adjusted by the boundary conditions; thus, the proposed method can satisfy the complex demand for machine vision and be applied to improve vision detection systems in production lines.

A Numerical Algorithm for Solving Stiff ODEs and DAEs in Multibody Mechanics

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajrudin Pasic
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic System ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Constant Matrix ◽  
Fully Implicit ◽  
Collocation Points ◽  
Collocation Technique

Abstract Presented is an algorithm suitable for numerical solutions of multibody mechanics problems. When s-stage fully implicit Runge-Kutta (RK) method is used to solve these problems described by a system of n ordinary differential equations (ODE), solution of the resulting algebraic system requires 2s3 n3 / 3 operations. In this paper we present an efficient algorithm, whose formulation differs from the traditional RK method. The procedure for uncoupling the algebraic system into a block-diagonal matrix with s blocks of size n is derived for any s. In terms of number of multiplications, the algorithm is about s2 / 2 times faster than the original, nondiagonalized system, as well as s2 times in terms of number of additions/multiplications. With s = 3 the method has the same precision and stability property as the well-known RADAU5 algorithm. However, our method is applicable with any s and not only to the explicit ODEs My′ = f(x, y), where M = constant matrix, but also to the general implicit ODEs of the form f (x, y, y′) = 0. In the solution procedure y is assumed to have a form of the algebraic polynomial whose coefficients are found by using the collocation technique. A proper choice of locations of collocation points guarantees good precision/stability properties. If constructed such as to be L-stable, the method may be used for solving differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). The application is illustrated by a constrained planar manipulator problem.

Innovative light collimator with afocal lens and total internal reflection lens for daylighting system

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (28) ◽  
pp. E165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Jian Chen ◽  
Yin-Ti Chen ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Chun-Han Chou ◽  
Kai-Cyuan Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Internal Reflection ◽  
Total Internal Reflection Lens

scholarly journals Optical Design of an LED Lighting Source for Fluorescence Microscopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Chih Kuo ◽  
Ting-Jou Ding ◽  
Jui-Hui Lin ◽  
Shih-Hsin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Internal Reflection ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
Lens Array ◽  
Led Array ◽  
Total Internal Reflection Lens

In this study, we reveal an LED light source model applied in fluorescence microscopes. This optical model is composed of a confocal total internal reflection lens array system (CTLAS) with a nine-LED array. The CTLAS optical system that we designed consists of a total internal reflection (TIR) lens array and a confocal system. The electrical power of the nine-LED array is 7.9 watts, which is lower than traditional light sources, such as the original 120-watt halogen lamps used in fluorescence microscopes (Zeiss, Axio Imager 2). We have successfully applied the CTLAS system to an Axio Imager 2 fluorescence microscope to observe the vascular bundle organization, modified with Cy3 fluorescence molecules, and have found that in the process of system assembly, the fabrication errors of optical lenses could have a critical effect on the CTLAS system. The results of our experiment show that, in order to achieve the same illuminance as that of the halogen lamp, the displacement error tolerances of the lateral x-axis and the longitudinal z-axis must be controlled within 1.3 mm and 1.7 mm, respectively.

Optimization of a total internal reflection lens by using a hybrid Taguchi-simulated annealing algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Min Chao ◽  
Allen Jong-Woei Whang ◽  
Chun-Han Chou ◽  
Wei-Shao Su ◽  
Tsung-Heng Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Internal Reflection ◽  
Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Total Internal Reflection Lens
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