Knowledge of Results and Signal Salience Modify Vigilance Performance and Cerebral Hemovelocity

The signal regularity effect — enhanced performance efficiency when critical signals for detection appear in a temporally regular as opposed to an irregular manner- has a long history in vigilance research. However, the precise conditions under which this effect can be elicited have not been identified. Toward that end, this study demonstrates that the effect is limited to low salience signals, perhaps because the effort needed to generate veridical temporal expectancies is unnecessary with high salience signals. Additionally, using signal detection theory indices ( d' & c) and neuroimaging of cerebral blood flow via transcranial Doppler sonography, this study also shows that the signal regularity effect is rooted in sensing rather than decision-making factors and that it is localized in the right cerebral hemisphere.

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Exploring Sex Differences in Vigilance Performance with Knowledge of Results

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181319631130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 1321-1325

Author(s):

Grace E. Waldfogle ◽

Michaela R. Hagerty-Koller ◽

Lindsey R. Lane ◽

Allison E. Garibaldi ◽

James L. Szalma

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Sustained Attention ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Task Structure ◽

False Alarms ◽

Vigilance Performance ◽

Knowledge Of Results ◽

Sex Influence

Vigilance, also referred to as sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention for extended periods of time while monitoring for, oftentimes, critical signals. In attempt to aid performance decrements in vigilance tasks, previous research has examined the effects of knowledge of results (KR). In essence, KR provides feedback on performance, and is argued to enhance the understanding of task structure and motivation to complete the task successfully. However, relatively little is known about how individual differences, such as observer sex, influence KR effects in vigilance. In the present study, 73 observers completed a 25-minute vigilance task in which they were required to monitor flight paths. Observers were randomly assigned to either a KR condition, in which feedback was given for correct detections, false alarms, and misses, or a control condition, where no feedback was provided. The results indicated that small sex differences were found for correct detections and false alarms, as a function of KR.

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Feature presence/absence modifies the event rate effect and cerebral hemovelocity in vigilance performance

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e577082012-034 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Todd D. Hollander ◽

Joel S. Warm ◽

Gerald Matthews ◽

Kevin Shockley ◽

William N. Dember ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Event Rate ◽

Rate Effect ◽

Vigilance Performance ◽

Cerebral Hemovelocity

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Effect of Three Kinds of Knowledge-Of-Results Information on Three Measures of Vigilance Performance

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1964.18.3.901 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 901-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ralph McC. Chinn ◽

Earl A. Alluisi

Keyword(s):

Vigilance Performance ◽

Knowledge Of Results

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Effects of Aircraft Noise on Vigilance Performance and Perceived Workload

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129203601832 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 36 (18) ◽

pp. 1513-1517 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ami B. Becker ◽

Joel S. Warm ◽

William N. Dember ◽

JoAnn Sparnall ◽

Laura DeRonde

Keyword(s):

Vigilance Task ◽

Aircraft Noise ◽

Maximum Intensity ◽

Perceptual Sensitivity ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Vigilance Performance ◽

Knowledge Of Results ◽

Perceived Workload ◽

Signal Detectability ◽

The Right

This study examined the effects of exposure to intermittent jet aircraft noise played through stereophonic speakers (70dBA or 95dBA maximum intensity) on performance efficiency and perceived workload in a 40-min visual vigilance task. The noise featured a Doppler-like quality in which planes seemed to approach from the monitor's left and recede to the right. Performance in noise, measured in terms of perceptual sensitivity (d***'), was significantly poorer than in a quiet condition. Moreover, in comparison to subjects performing in quiet, those who operated in noise were less able to profit from knowledge of results (KR) regarding performance efficiency. In addition to its negative effects upon signal detectability, noise significantly elevated perceived workload, as indexed by the NASA-TLX. This effect was robust; it was not mitigated by KR, even though KR served generally to reduce the overall level of perceived workload in the study. The consistency of the effects of noise in regard to both performance efficiency and perceived workload challenges a recent conclusion offered by Koelega and Brinkman (1986) that lawful relations are not observable in studies of the effects of noise on vigilant behavior.

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