AbstractFreeze lining is a solidified layer of slag formed on the inner side of a water-cooled pyrometallurgical reactor, which protects the reactor walls from thermal, physical, and chemical attacks. Because of the freeze lining's high thermal resistance, the reactor heat losses strongly depend on the freeze lining thickness. In a batch process such as slag fuming, the conditions change with time, affecting the freeze lining thickness. Determining the freeze lining thickness is challenging as it cannot be measured directly. In this study, a conceptual framework based on the morphology and microstructure of freeze lining and the rheology of the slag is discussed and experimentally evaluated to determine the freeze lining thickness. It was found that the bath/freeze lining interface lies just below critical viscosity temperature. The growth of the freeze lining is primarily controlled by the mechanical and thermal degradation of the crystals forming at the interface. The bath/freeze lining interface temperature for the measured slag lies in the range of 1035–1070°C.
Investigation of Bath/Freeze Lining Interface Temperature Based on the Rheology of the Slag
