Automated control of end-tidal volatile anaesthetic concentration using the MIRUS™ system: a comparison of isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane in anaesthesia

This study aims to determine the minimum anaesthetic concentration (MAC) of halothane in the Rock Dove using electrical stimulus. Seven Rock Doves are anaesthetised with halothane, and the MAC is determined using the bracketing method. An electrical stimulus (two single pulses and two five-second stimuli, all separated by five-second pauses; 30 Hz, 30 V, 7.5 ms) is applied to the legs via subcutaneous electrodes. A maximum of eight periods of electrical stimulation, each with a preceding 15 min stable phase, is applied to each bird. If the non-reflexive movement occurred following stimulation, the end-tidal halothane (Fe’Hal) is increased by 10% before the next stimulus delivery. If no movement occurred, Fe’Hal is decreased by 10%. The MAC is the average of the highest concentration that allowed movement and the lowest that prevented movement. Physiological variables and ventilatory settings are recorded every five minutes. The current delivered is calculated offline. The mean ± SD MAC of halothane is 1.62 ± 0.29%, calculated from five birds. During the entire anaesthesia, all birds had cardiac arrhythmias —with three having sporadic recurrent periods of prolonged ventricular standstill followed by marked sinus tachycardia. The mean recorded voltage and calculated current and resistance are 27.6 ± 2.7 V, 20.3 ± 7.3 mAmp and 1.6 ± 0.9 kΩ, respectively. The advantage of halothane for prolonged anaesthesia in Rock Doves may be limited when noxious stimulation is used, due to the development of severe ventricular arrhythmias.

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The Effect of Positive End Expiratory Pressure on Rebreathing and Gas Dilution in the Ayre's T-Piece System—A Laboratory Study

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x7800600102 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. L. Dobbinson ◽

E. R. Fawcett ◽

D. P. G. Bolton

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Breathing ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Minute Volume ◽

Lung Model ◽

Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽

System A ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Controlled Breathing ◽

Gas Dilution ◽

End Tidal

The effect of positive end expiratory pressure on the function of the Ayre's T-Piece System was studied using a simple lung model. Positive end expiratory pressure did not affect end tidal CO 2 during “controlled breathing” but caused an increase during “spontaneous breathing” when fresh gas flow was less than 3 times the minute volume. Gas dilution did not occur under any of the test conditions.

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Financial and Environmental Costs of Manual versus Automated Control of End-Tidal Gas Concentrations

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x1304100116 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S. Tay ◽

L. Weinberg ◽

P. Peyton ◽

D. Story ◽

J. Briedis

Keyword(s):

Environmental Costs ◽

Automated Control ◽

End Tidal

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Diseño de un sistema de control gerencial de plantas avícolas utilizando redes de sensores inalámbricos con tecnología Open Hardware / Design of a management control system for poultry plants using wireless sensor networks with Open Hardware technology

Ciencia Unemi ◽

10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol9iss21.2016pp143-156p ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (21) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Fabian Vasconez Barrera ◽

Fernando Molina Granja

Keyword(s):

Web Application ◽

Management Control ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Sensors And Actuators ◽

Automated Control ◽

Open Hardware ◽

System A ◽

Zigbee Protocol ◽

And Control ◽

Animal Sciences

Se presenta el diseño del control automatizado de una planta avícola utilizando tecnología Open Hardware Arduino y cómo fue implementado en la Planta Académica Avícola de la Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Ecuador, además, de qué manera se acopla una tarjeta microcontroladora a otra diseñada para la conexión de los sensores y actuadores. Los sensores se seleccionaron en base a las características técnicas del proceso de crianza de pollos de engorde, utilizados para medir temperatura, humedad, intensidad de luz, amoníaco, monóxido de carbono y gases inflamables. Según el presente estudio, este módulo debe colocarse a una altura entre 0,80 y 1,5 m. y fuera de influencia directa de calefactores o ventiladores, de esta forma, se optimiza el envío de mediciones de manera inalámbrica, utilizando protocolo ZigBee a un computador que, mediante software desarrollado, las compara con parámetros considerados normales. También se desarrolló una aplicación web e implementó, para el monitoreo y control desde cualquier lugar. Utilizando este sistema se obtuvo una tasa de mortalidad de 0,2% y promedios de ganancia de peso superiores a 2600 g., lo que justifica el proyecto y es una opción a considerar por las avícolas, debido al ahorro de recursos obtenido. ABSTRACTThe design of the automated control of a poultry plant using Open Hardware Arduino technology and how it was implemented in the Poultry Academic Plant of the Faculty of Animal Sciences of the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, Ecuador is presented. Microcontroller to another designed for the connection of sensors and actuators is also illustrated. The sensors were selected based on the technical characteristics of broilers breeding process, used to measure temperature, humidity, light intensity, ammonia, carbon monoxide and flammable gases. According to the present study, this module should be placed at a height between 0.80 and 1.5 m. and out of direct influence of heaters or fans, this way; it is optimized to send measurements wirelessly, using ZigBee protocol to a computer that, using developed software, compares them with parameters considered normal. It was also developed a web application and implemented, for monitoring and control from anywhere. Using this system, a mortality rate of 0.2% and weight gain averages above 2600 g were obtained, which justifies the project and is an option to be considered by poultry, due to the savings of resources obtained.

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