scholarly journals Sleep problems among children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)- an explorative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Anna Dylag ◽  
Bożena Bando ◽  
Zbigniew Baran ◽  
Paulina Dumnicka ◽  
Katarzyna Kowalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Laboratory Reference ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Abstract Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is a group of conditions resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Patients with FASD experience a variety of neuropsychological symptoms resulting from central nervous system impairment. Little is known about sleep disorders associated with PAE. The objective of this study was to investigate sleep problems related to FASD. Methods Forty patients (median age 8 years (6; 11)) diagnosed with FASD and forty typically developing children (median age 10 years (8; 13)) were recruited for the 1st phase of the study. In the 1st phase, the screening of sleep problems was performed with Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) filled in by a caregiver. Those of the FASD group who scored above 41 points were qualified to the 2nd phase of the study and had an in-lab attended polysomnography (PSG) performed. The measurements consisted of electroencephalogram, electrooculograms, chin and tibial electromyogram, electrocardiogram, ventilatory monitoring, breathing effort, pulse oximetry, snoring and body position. Their results were compared to PSG laboratory reference data. Results The number of participants with sleep disturbances was markedly higher in the FASD group as compared to typically developing children (55% vs. 20%). The age-adjusted odds ratio for a positive result in CSHQ was 4.31 (95% CI: 1.54–12.11; p = 0.005) for FASD patients as compared to the control group. Significant differences between the FASD as compared to the typically developing children were observed in the following subscales: sleep onset delay, night wakings, parasomnias, sleep disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness. Children from the FASD group who underwent PSG experienced more arousals during the sleep as compared with the PSG laboratory reference data. The respiratory indices in FASD group appear higher than previously published data from typically developing children. Conclusion The results support the clinical observation that sleep disorders appear to be an important health problem in individuals with FASD. In particular distorted sleep architecture and apneic/hypopneic events need further attention.

scholarly journals Speech Impairment in Boys With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayo Terband ◽  
Manon Spruit ◽  
Ben Maassen
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum ◽  
Speech Motor

BackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a highly prevalent spectrum of patterns of congenital defects resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol. Approximately 90% of the cases involve speech impairment. Yet, to date, no detailed symptom profiles nor dedicated treatment plans are available for this population.PurposeThis study set out to chart the speech and speech motor characteristics in boys with FASD to profile the concomitant speech impairment and identify possible underlying mechanisms.MethodTen boys with FASD (4.5–10.3 years old) and 26 typically developing children (4.1–8.7 years old; 14 boys, 12 girls) participated in the study. Speech production and perception, and oral motor data were collected by standardized tests.ResultsThe boys with FASD showed reduced scores on all tasks as well as a deviant pattern of correlations between production and perception tasks and intelligibility compared with the typically developing children. Speech motor profiles showed specific problems with nonword repetition and tongue control.ConclusionsFindings indicate that the speech impairment in boys with FASD results from a combination of deficits in multiple subsystems and should be approached as a disorder rather than a developmental delay. The results suggest that reduced speech motor planning/programming, auditory discrimination, and oral motor abilities should be considered in long-term, individually tailored treatment.

scholarly journals Sleep Health Issues for Children with FASD: Clinical Considerations

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Jan ◽  
Kwadwo O. Asante ◽  
Julianne L. Conry ◽  
Diane K. Fast ◽  
Martin C. O. Bax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Multidisciplinary Group ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

This article describes the combined clinical experience of a multidisciplinary group of professionals on the sleep disturbances of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) focusing on sleep hygiene interventions. Such practical and comprehensive information is not available in the literature. Severe, persistent sleep difficulties are frequently associated with this condition but few health professionals are familiar with both FASD and sleep disorders. The sleep promotion techniques used for typical children are less suitable for children with FASD who need individually designed interventions. The types, causes, and adverse effects of sleep disorders, the modification of environment, scheduling and preparation for sleep, and sleep health for their caregivers are discussed. It is our hope that parents and also researchers, who are interested in the sleep disorders of children with FASD, will benefit from this presentation and that this discussion will stimulate much needed evidence-based research.

Variability in Classroom Social Communication: Performance of Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Typically Developing Peers

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 982-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Kjellmer ◽  
Lesley B. Olswang
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Handheld Computers ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
School Rules ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Purpose In this study, the authors examined how variability in classroom social communication performance differed between children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and pair-matched, typically developing peers. Method Twelve pairs of children were observed in their classrooms, 40 min per day (20 min per child) for 4 days over a 2-week period. Coders documented classroom social communication during situations of Cooperation and following School Rules by recording performance on handheld computers using the Social Communication Coding System (SCCS). The SCCS consists of 6 behavioral dimensions (prosocial/engaged, passive/disengaged, irrelevant, hostile/coercive, assertive, and adult seeking). The frequency of occurrence and duration of each dimension were recorded. These measures were then used to examine variability in performance within and across days (changeability and stability, respectively). Results Independent of classroom situation, children with FASD were more variable than their typically developing peers in terms of changing behavioral dimensions more often (changeability) and varying their behavior more from day to day (stability). Conclusions Documenting performance variability may provide a clearer understanding of the classroom social communication difficulties of the child with mild FASD.

scholarly journals Sleep Problems in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maida Lynn Chen ◽  
Heather Carmichael Olson ◽  
Joseph F. Picciano ◽  
Jacqueline R. Starr ◽  
Judith Owens
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

scholarly journals Sleep and Cognition in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Rabya Mughal ◽  
Catherine M. Hill ◽  
Anna Joyce ◽  
Dagmara Dimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly higher rates of sleep disturbances than their typically developing peers. However, little is known about the association between sleep and the cognitive phenotype in these clinical populations. Structural damage affecting cortical and subcortical connectivity occurs as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure in children with FASD, whilst it is believed an abundance of short-range connectivity explains the phenotypic manifestations of childhood ASD. These underlying neural structural and connectivity differences manifest as cognitive patterns, with some shared and some unique characteristics between FASD and ASD. This is the first study to examine sleep and its association with cognition in individuals with FASD, and to compare sleep in individuals with FASD and ASD. We assessed children aged 6–12 years with a diagnosis of FASD (n = 29), ASD (n = 21), and Typically Developing (TD) children (n = 46) using actigraphy (CamNTech Actiwatch 8), digit span tests of working memory (Weschler Intelligence Scale), tests of nonverbal mental age (MA; Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices), receptive vocabulary (British Picture Vocabulary Scale), and a choice reaction time (CRT) task. Children with FASD and ASD presented with significantly shorter total sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and more nocturnal wakings than their TD peers. Sleep was significantly associated with scores on the cognitive tests in all three groups. Our findings support the growing body of work asserting that sleep is significant to cognitive functioning in these neurodevelopmental conditions; however, more research is needed to determine cause and effect.

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