Antigenic Determinants to GAD Autoantibodies in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), autoimmune thyroid disease, and autoimmune gastritis often occur together forming the so-called autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 (APS3). We here report a clinical case of a 74-year-old woman who presented for the first time with severe hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis diagnosed as T1D. Further clinical investigations revealed concomitant severe hypothyroidism with autoimmune thyroid disease and severe cobalamin deficiency due to chronic atrophic gastritis. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the detection of autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, islet cell antibodies, and anti-insulin autoantibodies. Anti-thyroperoxidase, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-gastric parietal cell antibodies were also clearly positive. The case emphasized that new onset diabetic ketoacidosis, hypothyroidism, and cobalamin deficiency may simultaneously occur, and one disease can mask the features of the other, thereby making diagnosis difficult. It is noteworthy that an APS3 acute episode occurred in an asymptomatic elder woman for any autoimmune diseases.

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Screening for Adrenal Antibodies in Children With Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.26.11.3187 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3187-3188 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. D. Marks ◽

R. Girgis ◽

R. M. Couch

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

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Thyroid and islet autoantibodies predict autoimmune thyroid disease already at Type 1 diabetes diagnosis

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2016-2335 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. jc.2016-2335 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Berglind Jonsdottir ◽

Christer Larsson ◽

Annelie Carlsson ◽

Gun Forsander ◽

Sten Anders Ivarsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Islet Autoantibodies ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

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Autoimmune thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: same pathogenesis; new perspective?

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1177/2042018820958329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 204201882095832

Author(s):

Liyan Li ◽

Shudong Liu ◽

Junxia Yu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two common autoimmune diseases that can occur concomitantly. In general, patients with diabetes have a high risk of AITD. It has been proposed that a complex genetic basis together with multiple nongenetic factors make a variable contribution to the pathogenesis of T1DM and AITD. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge in the field regarding potential pathogenic factors of T1DM and AITD, including human leukocyte antigen, autoimmune regulator, lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, forkhead box protein P3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen, infection, vitamin D deficiency, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand. These findings offer an insight into future immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.

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