Role of Platelets in Altered Airway Responsiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
A. J. Coyle ◽  
C. P. Page
Keyword(s):  
Airway Responsiveness

scholarly journals Role of nitric oxide released from iNANC neurons in airway responsiveness in cats

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aizawa ◽  
S. Takata ◽  
H. Inoue ◽  
K. Matsumoto ◽  
H. Koto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Airway Responsiveness

Evaluation of the mechanism of decreased airway responsiveness in lambs

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 727-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stecenko ◽  
K. McNicol ◽  
S. Polk
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Open Lung Biopsy ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Aerosol Delivery ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Adrenergic Activity ◽  
Residual Capacity

In this study we investigated three possible mechanisms for the decreased airway responsiveness (AR) found in young lambs. To evaluate aerosol delivery, 6 adult sheep (9 mo-3 yr old) and 12 lambs (4–8 wk old) were challenged with aerosol (aH) and intravenous histamine (ivH). Awake animals were intubated and studied in a plethysmograph, which measured dynamic compliance (Cdyn), resistance of the lung, and functional residual capacity. AR to histamine was measured by administration of increasing concentrations of histamine until a significant change in lung mechanics occurred or until the maximum dose of histamine was given. In all six adult sheep, the response to both aH and iVH was a decrease in Cdyn. In two lambs Cdyn was decreased with both aH and ivH, in five lambs with neither, in three lambs with aH only, and in two lambs with ivH only. To examine the role of beta-adrenergic activity in determining AR, six adult sheep and six lambs received ivH and on a separate day ivH with propranolol pretreatment (p + ivH). The median effective dose of histamine that caused a reduction in Cdyn to 65% of normal saline control (ED65Cdyn) for the adult sheep given ivH was 3.60 (range 0.23–4.85) and 0.70 (range 0.49–8.0) micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for p + ivH (P = NS). The median ED65Cdyn for the six lambs was 8.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for both ivH alone and p + ivH. To evaluate the role of airway smooth muscle (SM), AR to aH was quantitated in six adult sheep and six lambs, and then an open-lung biopsy was performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Allergen Induced Increase in Nonallergic Airway Responsiveness: A Citation Classic Revisited

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W Cockcroft
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Forced Expiration ◽  
Citation Classic ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
The Times

BACKGROUND:The present paper revisits the 1977 paper by DW Cockcroft, RE Ruffin, the late J Dolovich and FE Hargreave entitled "Allergen-induced increase in nonallergic bronchial reactivity" (Clin Allergy1977;7:503-13) that became a citation classic. Although clinical types of asthma were recognized at the time, there was a poor understanding regarding the role of allergic reactions in causing increases in airway hyperresponsiveness. The objective was to study formally Dr Altounyan's observation that patients with asthma showed increases in airway responsiveness at the times of natural allergen exposure during pollen season. Thirteen atopic patients with asthma were studied over two days, following inhalation of diluent (control) and following doubling amounts of an allergen solution at 10-min intervals until forced expiration volume in 1 s fell by 20%. Methacholine and histamine challenges were performed before, at 8 h, at 32 h and seven days following the inhalations. A significant reduction (reduction of at least one doubling concentration) in the provocative concentration that causes a 20% fall in forced expiration volume in 1 s occurred in seven of 13 patients, and more often in subjects with a late bronchoconstrictor response to allergen challenge.IMPORTANCE:The study showed that large changes in airway responsiveness could occur in patients with asthma and suggested that allergens could cause, rather than trigger, asthma. The study also led to the concept of asthma inducers and inciters -- inducers causing airway inflammation and inciters provoking bronchospasm. The results led to a series of observations that have now implicated immunoglobulin E-mediated airway inflammation as perhaps the most important cause of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma.

The role of prostanoids in ozone-induced changes in airway responsiveness: receptor activation-specific prostanoid release

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena J.M van Hoof ◽  
Freek J Zijlstra ◽  
Hans-Peter Voss ◽  
Corné J.A.M Tak ◽  
Leendert van Bree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Longitudinal predictors of airway responsiveness to distilled water: the role of atopy and maternal smoke exposure

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Studnicka ◽  
B. Roithner ◽  
C. Gartner ◽  
S.T. Weiss ◽  
M. Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Distilled Water

Role of C fibers in physiological responses to ozone in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1757-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jimba ◽  
W. A. Skornik ◽  
C. R. Killingsworth ◽  
N. C. Long ◽  
J. D. Brain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Core Body

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of C fibers in airway responsiveness after exposure to ozone (O3) in rats. The role of C fibers in the decreases in heart rate (HR) and core body temperature (Tc) that occur after inhalation of O3 was also examined. Neonatal rats were treated with capsaicin (Cap) or the vehicle used to dissolve capsaicin (Veh). Cap has been shown to cause permanent destruction of C fibers. When they reached adulthood, conscious minimally restrained rats were exposed to 2 ppm O3 or to air for 3 h. Two hours after the cessation of exposure, rats were anesthetized and instrumented for the measurement of pulmonary mechanics and airway responsiveness to inhaled aerosolized methacholine. O3 had no effect on baseline pulmonary conductance (GL) in either Veh or Cap rats but did cause a decrease in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in Cap rats (P < 0.05). In Cap rats, O3 exposure caused a marked increase in airway responsiveness; the doses of inhaled aerosolized methacholine required to decrease GL and Cdyn by 50% were 6.5-fold and 9.8-fold lower in O3-compared with air-exposed rats (P < 0.005). In contrast, in Veh rats, O3 did not alter responsiveness. During O3 exposure, there was a profound, almost 50%, decrease in HR as measured with implanted electrodes. A decrease in Tc (measured with a rectal probe) of approximately 2.5 degrees C also occurred during O3 exposure. There was no significant effect of Cap pretreatment on the magnitude of these O3-induced changes in HR and Tc. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that C fibers act to inhibit the development of hyperresponsiveness elicited by O3 inhalation but do not contribute to O3-induced changes in HR or Tc.

Role of Pulmonary Inflammation in Altered Airway Responsiveness in Three Sheep Models of Acute Lung Injury

1991 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean F. Simpson ◽  
Martha J. Butterfield ◽  
Peter L. Lefferts ◽  
Eric L. Dyer ◽  
James R. Snapper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Airway Responsiveness
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