scholarly journals OXYGENATION, PULMONARY MECHANICS AND LUNG INJURY IN SURFACTANT DEFICIENT RABBITS RECEIVING CONVENTIONAL MECHANICAL VENTILATION (CMV) WITH OR WITHOUT PERFLUOROCARBON-ASSOCIATED GAS EXCHANGE (PAGE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
M Stewart ◽  
M W Davies ◽  
M Souriel ◽  
S Kamberi ◽  
C Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Associated Gas

Prolonged studies of perfluorocarbon associated gas exchange and of the resumption of conventional mechanical ventilation

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmul H. Salman ◽  
Bradley P. Fuhrman ◽  
David M. Steinhorn ◽  
Michele C. Papo ◽  
Lynn J. Hernan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Associated Gas

scholarly journals Effects of Conventional Mechanical Ventilation Performed by Two Neonatal Ventilators on the Lung Functions of Rabbits with Meconium-Induced Acute Lung Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
D Mokra ◽  
P Mikolka ◽  
P Kosutova ◽  
M Kolomaznik ◽  
M Jurcek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Lung Functions

AbstractSevere meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in the neonates often requires a ventilatory support. As a method of choice, a conventional mechanical ventilation with small tidal volumes (VT<6 ml/kg) and appropriate ventilatory pressures is used. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term effects of the small-volume CMV performed by two neonatal ventilators: Aura V (Chirana Stara Tura a.s., Slovakia) and SLE5000 (SLE Ltd., UK) on the lung functions of rabbits with experimentally-induced MAS and to estimate whether the newly developed neonatal version of the ventilator Aura V is suitable for ventilation of the animals with MAS.In the young rabbits, a model of MAS was induced by an intratracheal instillation of a suspension of neonatal meconium (4 ml/kg, 25 mg/ml). After creating the model of MAS, the animals were ventilated with small-volume CMV (frequency 50/min, VT<6 ml/kg, inspiration time 50 %, fraction of inspired oxygen 1.0, positive end-expiratory pressure 0.5 kPa, mean airway pressure 1.1 kPa) performed by ventilator Aura V (Aura group, n=7) or ventilator SLE5000 (SLE group, n=7) for additional 4 hours. One group of animals served as healthy non-ventilated controls (n=6). Blood gases, oxygenation indexes, ventilatory pressures, lung compliance, oxygen saturation and total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count were regularly determined. After euthanizing the animals, a left lung was saline-lavaged and total and differential counts of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were determined. A right lung was used for estimation of lung edema formation (expressed as a wet/dry weight ratio) and for analysis of concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF). The cytokines were measured also in the blood plasma taken at the end of experiment.Meconium instillation seriously worsened the gas exchange and induced inflammation and lung edema formation. In the Aura group, slightly lower concentrations of cytokines were found and better gas exchange early after creating the MAS model was observed. However, there were no significant differences in the respiratory parameters between the ventilated groups at the end of experiment (P>0.05).Concluding, the newly developed neonatal version of the ventilator Aura V was found to be fully comparable to widely used neonatal ventilator SLE5000. Results provided by Aura V in CMV ventilation of rabbits with meconium-induced acute lung injury suggest its great potential also for future clinical use, i.e. for ventilation of the neonates with MAS.

Noninvasive and Invasive Ventilatory Support II

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline K. Park ◽  
Nicole L Werner ◽  
Carl Haas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Protective Ventilation ◽  
Lung Protective Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Ventilator Induced Lung Injury

Invasive and noninvasive ventilation are important tools in the clinician’s armamentarium for managing acute respiratory failure. Although these modalities do not treat the underlying disease, they can provide the necessary oxygenation and ventilatory support until the causal pathology resolves. Care must be taken as even appropriate application can cause harm. Knowledge of pulmonary mechanics, appreciation of the basic machine settings, and an understanding of how common and advanced modes function allows the clinician to optimally tailor support to the patient while limiting iatrogenic injury. This second chapter reviews indications for mechanical ventilation, routine management, troubleshooting, and liberation from mechanical ventilation This review contains 6 figures, 7 tables and 60 references Keywords: Mechanical ventilation, lung protective ventilation, sedation, ventilator-induced lung injury, liberation from mechanical ventilation 

Pulmonary Mechanics in Preterm Neonates With Respiratory Failure Treated With High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Compared With Conventional Mechanical Ventilation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Soraya Abbasi ◽  
Vinod K. Bhutani ◽  
Alan R. Spitzer ◽  
William W. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
High Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Frequency Ventilation ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory

Pulmonary mechanics were measured in 43 preterm neonates (mean ± SD values of birth weight 1.2 ± 0.3 kg, gestational age 30 ± 2 weeks) with respiratory failure who were concurrently randomly assigned to receive conventional mechanical ventilation (n = 22) or high-frequency ventilation (n = 21). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was comparable in the two groups (high-frequency ventilation 57%, conventional ventilation 50%). Pulmonary functions were determined at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 weeks postnatal ages. Data were collected while subjects were in a nonsedated state during spontaneous breathing. These sequential data show similar patterns of change in pulmonary mechanics during high-frequency ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation irrespective of gestational age, birth weight stratification, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There was no significant difference in the pulmonary functions with either mode of ventilation during the acute phase (≤4 weeks) of respiratory disease. When evaluated by the clinical diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the pulmonary data suggested a less severe dysfunction in the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation-treated bronchopulmonary dysplasia group compared with the conventional mechanical ventilation-treated group. These results indicate that high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in preterm neonates does not reduce the risk of acute lung injury; however, the magnitude of the pulmonary dysfunction in the first 2 weeks of life merits a reevaluation.

Effects of Perfluorohexan Vapor on Gas Exchange, Respiratory Mechanics, and Lung Histology in Pigs with Lung Injury after Endotoxin Infusion

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor I. Kemming ◽  
Michael Flondor ◽  
Anja Hanser ◽  
Sabine Pallivathukal ◽  
Markus Holtmannspötter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Shunt Fraction ◽  
Pulmonary Shunt ◽  
Endotoxin Infusion ◽  
Respiratory Compliance ◽  
Volume Measurements

Background Inhaled perfluorohexan vapor has been shown to improve gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics in oleic acid- and ventilator-induced lung injury. However, in the clinical setting, lung injury frequently occurs in the context of systemic inflammation and consecutive lung injury, which may be induced experimentally by intravenous administration of endotoxin. The authors studied whether vaporized perfluorohexan is efficacious during endotoxin-induced lung injury in domestic pigs. Methods Twenty-two pigs (29 [23, 31] kg body weight [first, third interquartile]; tracheostomy) were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. In the endotoxin (n = 8) and perfluorohexan groups (n = 7), we administered endotoxin of Escherichia coli 111:B4, 1 mg.kg . h for 1 h and 10 microg.kg.h for 5 h in consecutive order. In the perfluorohexan group, inhalation of the test drug was started 2 h 30 min after the start of the intravenous endotoxin and terminated after 30 min. In a control group (n=7), animals were instrumented and observed over time without further intervention. Oxygenation function was assessed from oxygen partial pressures (Po2, blood gases) and calculated shunt fraction. Respiratory compliance was calculated from airway pressure and tidal volume. Measurements were performed before and every hour during endotoxin infusion. Results After 6 h of endotoxin, gas exchange and pulmonary compliance were deteriorated in the endotoxin group (Pao2: 184 [114, 289] vs. 638 [615, 658] mmHg, pulmonary shunt fraction: 30 [23, 38] vs. 4 [3, 6]%, respiratory compliance: 12 [11, 14] vs. 22 [19, 23] ml/mbar; P &lt; 0.05, endotoxin vs. control). Inhalation of vaporized perfluorohexan did not improve Pao 2 (107 [60, 221] mmHg), pulmonary shunt fraction (32 [26, 58]%), or respiratory compliance (14 [10, 17] ml/mbar) when compared with intravenous endotoxin (not significant, perfluorohexan vs. endotoxin). Conclusions Inhalation of vaporized perfluorohexan does not improve pulmonary gas exchange or respiratory compliance in endotoxin-induced porcine lung injury.

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