scholarly journals A deep dive into the ecology of fear

2022 ◽  
Vol 225 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Malinka
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Shreya Joshi ◽  
Ms Bhavyaa ◽  
Suhani Gupta ◽  
Lalita Luthra

Blockchain is considered to be a disruptive core technology. Although many researchers have realized the importance of blockchain, but the research of it is still emerging. It is the record-keeping technology behind bitcoin and is one of the hottest and fastest growing skills in the IT sector today. It serves as an immutable ledger which allows transactions to take place in a decentralized man Blockchain-based applications are rising up, covering numerous fields including finance, healthcare, product management, Internet of Things (IoT), and many more. However, there are still some challenges of blockchain technology such as scalability and security problems which need to be overcome. This paper comprises of a comprehensive study of Blockchain technology. We have included here a deep dive into how blockchains work, its architecture, consensus and various applications. Furthermore, technical challenges are briefly listed.


2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Lowe ◽  
Dennis Reeves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Cohen ◽  
Mo Haghbin ◽  
Christopher J. Malloy ◽  
Matthew Schilling
Keyword(s):  

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendee M Brunish
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Brian J. Wilsey

Top predators have effects that can ‘cascade down’ on lower trophic levels. Because of this cascading effect, it matters how many trophic levels are present. Predators are either ‘sit and wait’ or ‘active’. Wolves are top predators in temperate grasslands and can alter species composition of smaller-sized predators, prey, and woody and herbaceous plant species, either through direct effects or indirect effects (‘Ecology of Fear’). In human derived grasslands, invertebrate predators fill a similar ecological role as wolves. Migrating populations of herbivores tend to be more limited by food than non-migratory populations. The phenology and synchrony of births vary among prey species in a way that is consistent with an adaptation to predation. Precocious species have highly synchronous birth dates to satiate predators. Non-precocious species (‘hiders’) have asynchronous births. Results from studies that manipulate both predators and food support the hypothesis that bottom-up and top-down effects interact.


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