Behavioural thresholds for diffuse illumination in the goldfish

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
W. N. Tavolga
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Neutral Density ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Diffuse Illumination ◽  
Cathode Ray Tube

Thresholds for diffuse, broad-band illumination were obtained for the goldfish (Carassius auratus) by avoidance conditioning. The light source was a television cathode-ray tube whose output was controlled over a range of 140 dB by a combination of ‘brightness’ control, blanking of scan lines, and neutral density filters. The threshold was calculated in terms of irradiance to be 2-9 X 10(−6) muW cm-2 (+/− a standard deviation of 1-4). The determination of absolute, rather than relative, values, and the use of overhead, diffuse illumination provided data that would be ecologically and behaviourally relevant.

Alarm Pheromone and Avoidance Conditioning in Goldfish, Carassius auratus  

Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 225 (5234) ◽  
pp. 754-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McA. KIMBRELL ◽  
MARK R. WEINROTT ◽  
EDWARD K. MORRIS ◽  
JENNIFER SCHEID ◽  
DEBORAH SANGSTON
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

The role of telencephalic NO and cGMP in avoidance conditioning in goldfish (Carassius auratus).

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Xu ◽  
Jordan Bentley ◽  
Todd Miller ◽  
Katherine Zmolek ◽  
Travis Kovaleinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

scholarly journals Determination of the gut retention of plastic microbeads and microfibers in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Grigorakis ◽  
Sherri A. Mason ◽  
Ken G. Drouillard
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

scholarly journals Inescapable shocks and subsequent escape/avoidance conditioning in goldfish, Carassius auratus

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Padilla ◽  
Christine Padilla ◽  
Terry Ketterer ◽  
Diane Giacalone
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Measurement of Refractive Index of Elastomers

1952 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelia Arnold ◽  
Irving Madorsky ◽  
Lawrence A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Incandescent Light ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
The Government

Abstract The measurement of the refractive index of elastomers is discussed, with particular reference to GR-S rubber and the use of an Abbé type of refractometer. Detailed descriptions of the apparatus used and the procedure for GR-S rubber are given. Common sources of error are discussed and methods of minimizing these errors are given. A detailed stady has been made of the precision obtainable with GR-S polymers using the Abbé type of refractometer with an incandescent light source. It was found that the standard deviation corresponding to variability of a single random determination was 0.00007. The method has been used for several years as the basis for the determination of bound styrene in copolymers of butadiene and styrene, and is currently employed for control purposes in the government-owned synthetic rubber plants. It has also been used for determining the percentage of rubber hydrocarbon in natural rubber and for locating second-order transition temperatures.

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