Association Between Running Biomechanics And Femoral Cartilage Characteristics In Competitive And Recreational Runners

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of highly cushioned shoes on running biomechanics. Sixteen recreational runners (8 males, 8 females) participated and ran at a self-selected pace across the force platform in the research laboratory wearing either the standard or highly cushioned shoes, in randomized order. Impact peak (IP), loading rate to IP (LR), active peak (AP), contact time (CT), strike index (SI), running velocity, and knee and ankle kinematics at initial contact (IC) and AP were recorded during the running trials. Overall, there was no effect of footwear on IP, LR, AP, CT and velocity (p>.05) with small effect sizes (ES<0.2). The highly cushioned shoes resulted in a more anterior foot strike pattern, based on the slightly higher SI (p=.03, ES=0.5), although the runners demonstrated a rearfoot strike pattern regardless of shoe condition. No kinematic differences were observed at IC or AP, across shoe conditions (p>.05). Our results indicate that the highly cushioned shoes did not show immediate changes in running biomechanics.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of NeoCart, an autologous cartilage tissue implant, compared with microfracture for treatment of distal femoral cartilage lesions: an FDA phase-II prospective, randomized clinical trial after two years.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718172914.793488424 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Virginia Kraus

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Cartilage Lesions ◽

Femoral Cartilage

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Acute Effects on Impact Accelerations Running with Objects in the Hand

Life ◽

10.3390/life11060550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 550

Author(s):

Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis ◽

Alberto Encarnación-Martínez ◽

Jose I. Priego-Quesada ◽

Inmaculada Aparicio ◽

Irene Jimenez-Perez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Step Length ◽

Stride Frequency ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Shock Attenuation ◽

Acceleration Rate ◽

Recreational Runners ◽

Impact Acceleration ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Extra Weight

Amateur runners usually run carrying implements in their hands (keys, a mobile phone, or a bottle of water). However, there is a lack of literature about the effects of different handloads on impact accelerations. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the effects of carrying different objects in the hand on impact accelerations during running. Nineteen male recreational runners (age 24.3 ± 6.8 years, training volume of 25 ± 7.38 km/week) performed twenty minutes of running on a treadmill at 2.78 m/s with four different conditions: no extra weight, with keys, with a mobile phone, and with a bottle of water. Impact acceleration and spatio-temporal parameters were analysed through a wireless triaxial accelerometry system composed of three accelerometers: two placed in each tibia and one placed on the forehead. A higher tibia acceleration rate in the dominant leg was observed when participants ran holding both a mobile phone (p = 0.027; ES = 0.359) and a bottle of water (p = 0.027; ES = 0.359), compared to no extra weight. No changes were observed in peak acceleration, acceleration magnitude, and shock attenuation in any other conditions. Likewise, neither stride frequency nor step length was modified. Our results suggest that recreational runners should not worry about carrying objects in their hands, like a mobile phone or a bottle of water, in short races because their effect seems minimal.

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Effects of caffeine ingestion on psychomotor state and oxidative stress markers after an 8-km run competition in sleep-deprived recreational runners

Biological Rhythm Research ◽

10.1080/09291016.2021.1925483 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Amir Khcharem ◽

Makram Souissi ◽

Rim Atheymen ◽

Wajdi Souissi ◽

Zouheir Sahnoun

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Caffeine Ingestion ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Recreational Runners ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Running Biomechanics Before Injury and 1 Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Division I Collegiate Athletes

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/03635465211026665 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036354652110266

Author(s):

Keith A. Knurr ◽

Stephanie A. Kliethermes ◽

Mikel R. Stiffler-Joachim ◽

Daniel G. Cobian ◽

Geoffrey S. Baer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Division I ◽

P Values ◽

Peak Knee ◽

Anterior Cruciate ◽

Running Biomechanics

Background: Preinjury running biomechanics are an ideal comparator for quantifying recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), allowing for assessments within the surgical and nonsurgical limbs. However, availability of preinjury running biomechanics is rare and has been reported in case studies only. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine if running biomechanics return to preinjury levels within the first year after ACLR among collegiate athletes. We hypothesized that (1) surgical knee biomechanics would be significantly reduced shortly after ACLR and would not return to preinjury levels by 12 months and (2) nonsurgical limb mechanics would change significantly from preinjury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Thirteen Division I collegiate athletes were identified between 2015 and 2020 (6 female; mean ± SD age, 20.7 ± 1.3 years old) who had whole body kinematics and ground-reaction forces recorded during treadmill running (3.7 ± 0.6 m/s) before sustaining an ACL injury. Running analyses were repeated at 4, 6, 8, and 12 months (4M, 6M, 8M, 12M) after ACLR. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess differences in running biomechanics between post-ACLR time points and preinjury within each limb, reported as Tukey-adjusted P values. Results: When compared with preinjury, the surgical limb displayed significant deficits at all postoperative assessments ( P values <.01; values reported as least squares mean difference [SE]): peak knee flexion angle (4M, 13.2° [1.4°]; 6M, 9.9° [1.4°]; 8M, 9.8° [1.4°]; 12M, 9.0° [1.5°]), peak knee extensor moment (N·m/kg; 4M, 1.32 [0.13]; 6M, 1.04 [0.13]; 8M, 1.04 [0.13]; 12M, 0.87 [0.15]; 38%-57% deficit), and rate of knee extensor moment (N·m/kg/s; 4M, 22.7 [2.4]; 6M, 17.9 [2.3]; 8M, 17.5 [2.4]; 12M, 16.1 [2.6]; 33%-46% deficit). No changes for these variables from preinjury ( P values >.88) were identified in the nonsurgical limb. Conclusion: After ACLR, surgical limb knee running biomechanics were not restored to the preinjury state by 12M, while nonsurgical limb mechanics remained unchanged as compared with preinjury. Collegiate athletes after ACLR demonstrate substantial deficits in running mechanics as compared with preinjury that persist beyond the typical return-to-sport time frame. The nonsurgical knee appears to be a valid reference for recovery of the surgical knee mechanics during running, owing to the lack of change within the nonsurgical limb.

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Mechanics, energetics and implementation of grounded running technique: a narrative review

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000963

Author(s):

Sheeba Davis ◽

Aaron Fox ◽

Jason Bonacci ◽

Fiddy Davis

Keyword(s):

Postural Stability ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Metabolic Cost ◽

Duty Factor ◽

Vertical Oscillation ◽

Leg Stiffness ◽

Speed Range ◽

Impact Attenuation ◽

Acute Increase ◽

Recreational Runners

Grounded running predominantly differs from traditional aerial running by having alternating single and double stance with no flight phase. Approximately, 16% of runners in an open marathon and 33% of recreational runners in a 5 km running event adopted a grounded running technique. Grounded running typically occurs at a speed range of 2–3 m·s−1, is characterised by a larger duty factor, reduced vertical leg stiffness, lower vertical oscillation of the centre of mass (COM) and greater impact attenuation than aerial running. Grounded running typically induces an acute increase in metabolic cost, likely due to the larger duty factor. The increased duty factor may translate to a more stable locomotion. The reduced vertical oscillation of COM, attenuated impact shock, and potential for improved postural stability may make grounded running a preferred form of physical exercise in people new to running or with low loading capacities (eg, novice overweight/obese, elderly runners, rehabilitating athletes). Grounded running as a less impactful, but metabolically more challenging form, could benefit these runners to optimise their cardio-metabolic health, while at the same time minimise running-related injury risk. This review discusses the mechanical demands and energetics of grounded running along with recommendations and suggestions to implement this technique in practice.

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Validity of Recreational Marathon Runners’ Self-Reported Anthropometric Data

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512520930159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (6) ◽

pp. 1068-1078

Author(s):

Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽

Beat Knechtle

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Marathon Runners ◽

Present Sample ◽

Large Samples ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics ◽

Recreational Runners

While studies on large samples of recreational runners have often relied on participants’ self-reported height and body mass, the validity of these data have not been investigated for this population. Hence, this study sought to examine the validity of self-reported anthropometric measures among recreational marathon runners. Female ( n = 32) and male ( n = 135) recreational marathon runners were requested to estimate their body mass and height (and we calculated their self-reported body mass index [BMI]), after which we took actual measures of their body mass and height and calculated their actual BMI. Participants’ self-reported values underestimated their actual body mass by 0.65 kg ( p < .001, η2 = 0.222) and their actual BMI by 0.35 kg ⋅ m−2 ( p < .001, η2 = 0.245). There was a significant Assessment Method × Sex Interaction for both body mass ( p = .019, η2 = 0.033) and BMI ( p = .017, η2 = 0.034), as women underestimated body mass values more than men. Participants overestimated their height by 0.44 cm ( p < .001, η2 = 0.075), but the interaction of sex and assessment method for height was not statistically significant. Underestimates of body mass correlated with marathon racing speed ( r = .24, p = .006) and body fat percentage ( r = −.29, p = .001) in men, but not in women ( p > .05). The disagreement between self-reported and measured anthropometric data in the present sample was lower than has been previously reported for the general population, suggesting that marathon runners may more accurately self-perceive and/or report their anthropometric characteristics. These findings are of practical value for health professionals and researchers (e.g., nutritionists and exercise physiologists) questionnaires to recreational marathon runners.

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