scholarly journals Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Microtus montanus from Natural Populations

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Lymphoid System ◽  
And Function

Impaired immunocompetence may contribute to the multiannual fluctuations ("cycles") in population density of arvicoline rodents (Mihok et al. 1985, Pinter 1988, Lochmiller et al. 1993). In a variety of species environmental variables influence at least one component of the immune system, the gut-associated lymphoid system, GALT (Lopez et al. 1985, Li et al. 1995). Preliminary laboratory observations suggest that the development of GALT in Microtus montanus can be influenced by such factors as age and diet (Smith and Pinter 2000). However, these observations are from captive-bred voles, maintained on a synthetic laboratory diet, under strictly controlled laboratory conditions. The complexity and abundance of variables under natural conditions must influence the development and function of GALT- yet, nothing is known about it from Microtus montanus under natural conditions. The purpose of this study was essentially twofold: (1) to describe the morphometries of GALT in wild-caught M. montanus, and (2) to characterize the morphometric changes that occur in GALT of these animals as a function of their age, sex, and the season of the year.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on Some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus under Natural Conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Different Seasons

Cyclic fluctuations in the population density of microtine rodents have been known since antiquity. However, factors responsible for this phenomenon are not known. The objectives of this long term study are essentially threefold. First, to characterize those environmental variables that might affect Microtus montanus in different seasons of the year. Second, to record the growth, maturation and reproductive activity of the voles under natural conditions. Third, to determine the maturational as well as the seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. The data resulting from the execution of the above objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes underlying the multiannual fluctuations in the population density of these microtine rodents in Grand Teton National Park.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus under Natural Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Different Seasons

Cyclic fluctuations in the population density of microtine rodents have been known since antiquity. However, factors responsible for this phenomenon are not known. The objectives of this long term study are essentially three-fold. First, to characterize those environmental variables that might affect Microtus montanus in different seasons of the year. Second, to record the growth, maturation and reproductive activity of the voles under natural conditions. Third, to determine the maturational as well as the seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. The data resulting from the execution of the above objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes underlying the multiannual fluctuations in the population density of these microtine rodents in Grand Teton National Park.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on Some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus Under Natural Conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Different Seasons

Cyclic fluctuations in the population density of microtine rodents have been known since antiquity. However, factors responsible for this phenomenon are not known. The objectives of this long term study are essentially fourfold. First, to characterize the environmental variables that might affect Microtus in different seasons of the year. Second, to record the growth, maturation and reproductive activity of Microtus montanus under natural conditions. Third, to determine the maturational, as well as, seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. Fourth, the data resulting from the execution of the first three objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes underlying the multiannual fluctuations in population density of these microtine rodents.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on Some Physiological Responses of Microtus Montanus Under Natural Conditions

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Made In

Several microtine species exhibit multiannual fluctuations in population density. These fluctuations have been described as occurring with sufficient regularity to be called "cycles". This phenomenon has been known since antiquity. However, despite the extensive work that has dealt with this problem, the facts underlying these fluctations remain largely unknown. Preliminary field observations of populations of montane voles (Microtus montanus ) in Grand Teton National Park were made in 1961, and from 1966 through 1968 (Pinter, unpublished observations). At about the same time laboratory studies began to reveal the remarkable sensitivity of the reproductive system of these rodents to environmental variables . However, little was known to what degree environmental factors and reproductive responses of these rodents contributed to the cyclicity of their population density. Consequently, in 1969 a long term study was initiated. The purpose of the study was essentially fourfold. First, to characterize the environmental variables that might affect Microtus in different seasons of the year. Second, to record the growth, maturation, and reproductive activity of Microtus montanus under natural conditions. Third, to determine the maturational as well as the seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. Fourth, the data resulting from the execution of the first three objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes underlying the multiannual fluctations in population density of these microtine rodents.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on Some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus Under Natural Conditions

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Microtus Montanus

Several microtine species exhibit multiannual fluctuations in population density. These fluctuations have been described as occurring with sufficient regularity to be called "cycles". This phenomenon has been known since anitquity. However, despite the extensive work that has dealt with this problem. the facts underlying these fluctuations remain largely unknown.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on Some Physiolgical Responses of Microtus montanus under Natural Conditions

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Different Seasons

Cyclic fluctuations in the population density of microtine rodents have been known since antiquity. However, factors responsible for this phenomenon are not known. The objectives of this long term study are essentially fourfold. First, to characterize the environmental variables that might affect Microtus in different seasons of the year. Second, to record the growth, maturation and reproductive activity of Microtus montanus under natural conditions. Third, to determine the maturational as well as seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. Fourth, the data resulting from the execution of the first three objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes underlying the multiannual fluctuations in population density of these microtine rodents.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on Some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus under Natural Conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Different Seasons

Cyclic fluctuations in the population density of microtine rodents have been known since antiquity. However, factors responsible for this phenomenon are not known. The objectives of this long term study are essentially threefold. First, to characterize those environmental variables that might affect Microtus montanus in different seasons of the year. Second, to record the growth, maturation and reproductive activity of the voles under natural conditions. Third, to determine the maturational, as well as the seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. The data resulting from the execution of the above objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes underlying the multi-annual fluctuations in the population density of these microtine rodents in Grand Teton National Park.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus under Natural Conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Microtine Rodents

Multiannual cycles in population density have been reported for a number of microtine rodents. However, factors that govern various phases of the cycle are poorly understood if not totally unknown. In other words, little is known to what degree environmental factors and physiological responses of the animals contribute to such cyclicity.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Variables on some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus Under Natural Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
National Park ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Microtine Rodents ◽  
Different Seasons

Cyclic fluctations in the popu]ation density of rnicrotine rodents have been known since antiquity. However, factors responsible for this phenomenon are not known. The objectives of this long term study are essentially threefold: 1. characterize those environmental variables that might affect Microtus montanus in different seasons of the year; 2. record the growth, maturation and reproductive activity of the voles under natural conditions; and 3. determine the maturational, as well as, the seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. The data resulting from the execution of the above objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes undedying the multiannual fluctuations in the population density of these microtine rodents in Grand Teton National Park.

scholarly journals Climatic Factors, Reproductive Success and Population Dynamics in the Montane Vole, Microtus montanus

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 162-164
Author(s):  
Aelita Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Microtus Montanus ◽  
Long Term Study

Multiannual fluctuations in population density ("cycles") of small rodents have been known since antiquity (Elton 1942). Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon (for reviews see Finerty 1980, Taitt and Krebs 1985). However, none of these hypotheses, alone or in combination, have been able to explain the causality of cycles. The objectives of this long-term study are to determine whether environmental variables, possibly acting through reproductive responses, contribute to the multiannual fluctuations of the montane vole, Microtus montanus.

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