The Development of the Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health after World War II

When the U.S. military created a bioweapons research program at Fort Detrick, Maryland, following World War II, it enlisted microbiology in the production of modern warfare. Biological weapons magnify the potential of germs to harm humans, remaking the terms of risk to account for natures that have been engineered to be more contagious, fatal, and far-reaching. This alliance between war and science also bracketed certain ways of knowing nature by creating spaces and mechanisms to control microbes according to human desires. Beyond the weapon itself, bioweapons research promulgated knowledge of containment, designing top-secret, high-security laboratory spaces for the safe study of deadly microbes, thereby materializing the belief that microbes must (and could) be contained.

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Exempt Research: Procedures in the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health

IRB Ethics and Human Research ◽

10.2307/3563550 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Alison Wichman ◽

Deloris Mills ◽

Alan L. Sandler

Keyword(s):

Research Program ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

Intramural Research Program

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The National Institutes of Health/National Institutes of Nursing Research intramural research program and the development of the National Institutes of Health Symptom Science Model

Nursing Outlook ◽

10.1016/j.outlook.2015.03.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 484-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Ann K. Cashion ◽

Patricia A. Grady

Keyword(s):

Research Program ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

Nursing Research ◽

Intramural Research Program

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Chinese Area Studies in Prewar China: Japan's Tōa Dōbun Shoin in Shanghai, 1900–1945

The Journal of Asian Studies ◽

10.2307/2056604 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 945-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Douglas R. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

East Asia ◽

Research Program ◽

Academic Discipline ◽

World War ◽

Government Service ◽

Area Studies ◽

Common Culture ◽

History Of ◽

Training And Research

The history of “area studies” as an academic discipline remains to be written. When it is, it will have to begin with a little known, historically important Japanese institution in China. That institution, Tōa Dōbun Shoin (East Asia Common Culture Academy or, after 1939, College) in Shanghai, 1900–1945, was established to train young Japanese for business and government service related to China. The author focuses upon the area studies dimensions of this pioneering institution's training and research program. After identifying five requisites of area studies training and research, he moves on to examine the origins, raison d'être, and meaning of Tōa Dōbun Shoin's program and to chart the phases of that program's development through each of the five requisites. In important ways, the center's curriculum, facilities, research, and publications equalled or surpassed the best American post–World War II language and area programs.

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