scholarly journals Xamanismo, antropomorfismo e perspectivismo

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (60) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Jelson Roberto de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Vinicius Rodrigues de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  

O artigo pretende aproximar duas visões teóricas geralmente contrapostas e consideradas incompatíveis: a filosofia (de Hans Jonas) e o pensamento indígena (ameríndio). Para tanto, pretende-se demostrar as similaridades dessas duas posições em torno da interpretação do animal humano e não-humano, a partir do fio condutor da interioridade da vida que, no caso de Jonas conduz à análise do conceito de liberdade e do antropomorfismo e, no caso dos indígenas, ao xamanismo. Entre eles, a noção de perspectivismo acentua os benefícios dessa estratégia: uma compreensão mais aprofundada e rica da história cultural do ocidente (da qual ambas as perspectivas fazem parte) e uma maior sensibilidade em relação ao urgente apelo da vida, que nos chega das ameaças de destruição dos povos originários e da natureza em geral.

Author(s):  
Sigurd Hverven ◽  
Thomas Netland

AbstractThis article discusses Hans Jonas’ argument for teleology in living organisms, in light of recently raised concerns over enactivism’s “Jonasian turn.” Drawing on textual resources rarely discussed in contemporary enactivist literature on Jonas’ philosophy, we reconstruct five core ideas of his thinking: 1) That natural science’s rejection of teleology is methodological rather than ontological, and thus not a proof of its non-existence; 2) that denial of the reality of teleology amounts to a performative self-contradiction; 3) that the fact of evolution makes it implausible that only humans actualize purpose; 4) that the concept of metabolism delimits and gestures towards beings performing purposive activity; and 5) that concrete encounters with living organisms are indispensable for the judgment that they are purposive. Lastly, we draw attention to how Jonas’ understanding of teleology and inwardness in nonhuman life in terms of degrees of identity with human life poses a problem for his view. In this way, we hope to clarify what Jonas, as an important source of inspiration for the enactivist project, is proposing.


Author(s):  
Raphael Döhn
Keyword(s):  

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag fokussiert den von Hans Jonas in Der Gottesbegriff nach Auschwitz. Eine jüdische Stimme als Antwort auf die Theodizeefrage skizzierten Mythos und setzt ihn in Beziehung zu Fiktionalitätsdiskursen. An die Darstellung und Erläuterung des Mythos schließen sich Ausführungen zu den ihm zugrundeliegenden Quellen (u. a. Gnosis, Kabbala, Hegel) sowie zu Jonas’ eigenen Reflexionen zur Textgattung und zu den Kernaussagen des Mythos an. Nach einer christlich-theologischen Würdigung der jonasschen Religionsphilosophie wird der Mythos unter Bezugnahme auf Fiktionalitätsdiskurse betrachtet und auf Berührungspunkte mit jüdischen, christlichen und gnostischen Weltentstehungs- und Welterklärungserzählungen aufmerksam gemacht.


Author(s):  
Robert Theis
Keyword(s):  

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