Analgesic Effects of Nitrous Oxide with Controlled Painful Stimuli

1983 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel F. Dworkin ◽  
Andrew C.N. Chen ◽  
Mark M. Schubert ◽  
Daniel W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Combination of inhaled nitrous oxide and oral opioids induces long lasting analgesic effects in patients with neuropathic pain

Pain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Bouhassira ◽  
Serge Perrot ◽  
Nadine Attal ◽  
Juan Fernando Ramirez-Gil ◽  
Cécile Delval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Nitrous Oxide Revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Richebé ◽  
Cyril Rivat ◽  
Cyril Creton ◽  
Jean-Paul Laulin ◽  
Pierre Maurette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Acute Tolerance ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia ◽  
Incisional Pain ◽  
Fentanyl Administration ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background Although opioids are unsurpassed analgesics for surgery, they also induce an N-methyl-D-aspartate-dependent enhancement of postoperative hyperalgesia. Because nitrous oxide (N2O) has anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate properties, the purpose of this study was to evaluate nitrous oxide ability to prevent such an opioid-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Methods First, preventive effects of 50/50% N2O-O2 on the development of delayed hyperalgesia observed after inflammatory pain (hind paw carrageenan injection on D0) were examined for several days. Second, the ability of nitrous oxide (10-40%) to limit opioid-induced hyperalgesia induced by fentanyl was evaluated in nonsuffering rats. Third, antihyperalgesic effects of various nitrous oxide concentrations (20-50%) were assessed in both inflammatory and incisional pain models in fentanyl-treated rats (4 x 100 microg/kg subcutaneously). Finally, the analgesic effect of a single dose of morphine was evaluated 24 h after fentanyl administration and nitrous oxide (D0) to assess its preventive effect on acute morphine tolerance in both nonsuffering and hind paw-incised rats. Results When applied on D0, nitrous oxide reduced delayed hyperalgesia induced by inflammation. Exposure to nitrous oxide on D0 also reduced opioid-induced hyperalgesia in nonsuffering rats in a dose-dependent manner. In fentanyl-treated rats with inflammatory or incisional pain, nitrous oxide strongly limited both magnitude and duration of hyperalgesia. Moreover, nitrous oxide exposure on D0 opposed development of acute tolerance to analgesic effects of morphine administered on D1 in both nonsuffering and incised fentanyl-treated rats. Conclusions Nitrous oxide, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, prevented the enhancement of pain sensitivity induced by both nociceptive inputs and fentanyl and opposed acute morphine tolerance. Results suggest that perioperative nitrous oxide use reduces exaggerated postoperative pain and morphine consumption.

Mechanisms of nitrous oxide-induced analgesic effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 1283 ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Fujinaga
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Dexmedetomidine Enhances Analgesic Action of Nitrous Oxide

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Dawson ◽  
Daqing Ma ◽  
Andre Chow ◽  
Mervyn Maze
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Locus Ceruleus ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Tail Flick Latency

Background Nitrous oxide and dexmedetomidine are thought to mediate analgesia (antinociception in a noncommunicative organism) via alpha 2B- and alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor subtypes within the spinal cord, respectively. Nitrous oxide and dexmedetomidine exert diametrically opposite effects on neuronal activity within the locus ceruleus, a pivotal site for modulation of analgesia. Because of these differences, the authors explored whether the two analgesics in combination would provide satisfactory analgesia. Methods The analgesic effects of nitrous oxide and dexmedetomidine given both intraperitoneally and intrathecally were evaluated using the tail-flick latency test in rats. For investigation of the interaction, rats were pretreated with dexmedetomidine, either intraperitoneally or intrathecally, immediately before nitrous oxide exposure such that peak antinociceptive effects of each drug coincided. For assessment of the effect on tolerance, dexmedetomidine was administered as tolerance to nitrous oxide developed. Expression of c-Fos was used to assess neuronal activity in the locus ceruleus. Results Nitrous oxide and dexmedetomidine increased tail-flick latency with an ED50 (mean +/- SEM) of 55.0 +/- 2.2% atm for nitrous oxide, 27.6 +/- 5.1 for microg/kg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine, and 2.9 +/- 0.1 microg for intrathecal dexmedetomidine. Combinations of systemically administered dexmedetomidine and nitrous oxide produced an additive analgesic interaction; however, neuraxially administered dexmedetomidine interacted synergistically with nitrous oxide. Tolerance to nitrous oxide was reversed by coadministration of dexmedetomidine. Prazosin, the alpha 1-/alpha 2B-adrenoceptor antagonist, attenuated the analgesic effect of nitrous oxide and prevented dexmedetomidine-induced reversal of tolerance to nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide-induced increase of neuronal activity in the locus ceruleus was reversed by dexmedetomidine. Conclusion The synergistic analgesic interaction between nitrous oxide and dexmedetomidine within the spinal cord is obscured by a supraspinal antagonism when dexmedetomidine is administered systemically in the pretolerant state. After tolerance to nitrous oxide develops, supraspinal functional antagonism no longer obtains exposing the synergistic action at the level of the spinal cord, which expresses itself as a reversal of the tolerant state. The authors speculate that the addition of dexmedetomidine to nitrous oxide is likely to provide enhanced and more durable analgesia in settings in which nitrous oxide is currently used alone (e.g., labor and dental surgery).

scholarly journals Spectrum of nitrous oxide intoxication related neurological disorders in Korea: a case series and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Jungsoo Lee ◽  
Yangmi Park ◽  
Hyunkee Kim ◽  
Nakhoon Kim ◽  
Wonjae Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Spinal Imaging ◽  
Spine Imaging ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
History Of Use

Background: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects. However, neurological and psychiatric manifestations of N2O abuse have been increasingly reported among Korean adults. The aim of this study was to demonstrate laboratory findings of N2O abuse in Korean patients.Methods: Patients diagnosed with N2O-induced neuropathy or myelopathy from August 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled. Their clinical presentations and laboratory and imaging findings were analyzed.Results: Sensory changes and limb weakness were present in nine of the enrolled patients. The laboratory findings revealed that seven patients had high homocysteine levels and five had high methylmalonic acid levels in their blood. Nerve conductions studies indicated that axonal neuropathy was present in four cases and longer F-wave and Hoffman’s-reflex latencies were present in two cases. Signal changes in cervical spine imaging occurred in five patients, while two had normal results.Conclusions: Chronic N2O abuse can cause neurological damage or psychiatric problems. Because N2O is illegal for recreational use in Korea, patients tend to hide their history of use. Even though the spinal imaging results were normal, clinicians should consider the possibility of N2O use, and further electrophysiological tests should be applied for precise evaluations.

scholarly journals Comparison of the sedative, cognitive, and analgesic effects of nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, and ethanol

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Duarte ◽  
A. McNeill ◽  
G. Drummond ◽  
B. Tiplady
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Analgesic Effects

IRREVERSIBLE OPIOID RECEPTOR BLOCKADE DECREASES THE ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF KETAMINE AND NITROUS OXIDE IN MICE

1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (3A) ◽  
pp. A604-A604 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Donald Flnck ◽  
Erlinda Saraaniego ◽  
S. H. Ngai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Subjective, Psychomotor, Cognitive, and Analgesic Effects of Subanesthetic Concentrations of Sevoflurane and Nitrous Oxide 

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Galinkin ◽  
Debra Janiszewski ◽  
Christopher J. Young ◽  
Jerome M. Klafta ◽  
P. Allan Klock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Water Test ◽  
End Tidal

Background Sevoflurane is a volatile general anesthetic that differs in chemical nature from the gaseous anesthetic nitrous oxide. In a controlled laboratory setting, the authors characterized the subjective, psychomotor, and analgesic effects of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide at two equal minimum alveolar subanesthetic concentrations. Methods A crossover design was used to test the effects of two end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane (0.3% and 0.60%), two end-tidal concentrations of nitrous oxide (15% and 30%) that were equal in minimum alveolar concentration to that of sevoflurane, and placebo (100% oxygen) in 12 healthy volunteers. The volunteers inhaled one of these concentrations of sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, or placebo for 35 min. Dependent measures included subjective, psychomotor, and physiologic effects, and pain ratings measured during a cold-water test. Results Sevoflurane produced a greater degree of amnesia, psychomotor impairment, and drowsiness than did equal minimum alveolar concentrations of nitrous oxide. Recovery from sevoflurane and nitrous oxide effects was rapid. Nitrous oxide but not sevoflurane had analgesic effects. Conclusions Sevoflurane and nitrous oxide produced different profiles of subjective, behavioral, and cognitive effects, with sevoflurane, in general, producing an overall greater magnitude of effect. The differences in effects between sevoflurane and nitrous oxide are consistent with the differences in their chemical nature and putative mechanisms of action.

A2 COMPARING THE SUBJECTIVE, PSYCHOMOTOR, AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF SEVOFLURANE AND NITROUS OXIDE

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 2A
Author(s):  
J.L. Galinkin ◽  
D.J. Janiszewski ◽  
C.J. Young ◽  
J.M. Klafta ◽  
&NA; Klock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Analgesic Effects

Analgesic Effects of Nitrous Oxide with Controlled Painful Stimuli

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
S. F. DWORKIN ◽  
A. C. N. CHEN ◽  
M. M. SCHUBERT ◽  
D. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Analgesic Effects
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