Abstract
Background: In the past, it was suggested that dyslipidemia was associated with clinical improvement in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics; however, measurement at a single time point post-treatment, as done in most studies, could have contributed to the inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in serum levels of lipid and other covariates were associated with clinical response in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics, using repeated measurements and considering time effects.
Method: A total of 90 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled in this 12-week prospective, randomized and open label study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score and a standard serum lipid profile were measured at baseline (day 0) and subsequently followed up at weeks 4, 8 and 12. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was applied to examine the relationship between serum lipids and treatment response, controlling for other potential variables.
Results: The results of GEE analysis showed that the increase in serum total cholesterol levels during 12 weeks’ antipsychotic treatment was significantly associated with a reduction in PANSS total score (β = −0.37, p = 0.02) and positive symptom score (β = −0.34, p = 0.01) over time.
Conclusions: These findings revealed that the change in serum total cholesterol level was positively associated with the therapeutic efficacy of atypical antipsychotics. Serum total cholesterol may be a potential predictor of clinical response in patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03730857. The trial was retrospectively registered on 11 Feb, 2019.
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