Enhanced TCP Westwood Slow Start Phase

Transmission control protocol faces a problem of packet loss differentiation in the wireless and mobile adhoc network. Congestion control is not properly done here. It cannot manage the congestion window as per type of loss and it reduces Congestion window unnecessarily and that degrades the performance. TCP Westwood cannot identify congestion or link failure loss, and it cannot manage the congestion window as per available bandwidth. This paper discusses that TCP Westwood performs bandwidth estimation, setting up a congestion window and a slow start threshold. In mobile adhoc network, link failure may happen frequently, and it should be handled properly. Link failure can be detected with the help of retransmission timeout. Once timeout occurs Westwood performs congestion avoidance. Proposed Westwood manages three states of congestion 1) Avoidance 2) congestion and 3) No congestion, it updates congestion window and slow start threshold as per the status of network. It maintains congestion window dynamically. Network status is identified by estimated bandwidth and proportionality ratio. Proposed method is tested on NS2.35 and compared with the existing TCP variants. The proposed Westwood performs optimized link utilization and congestion control mechanism. Hence it gives significant performance for loss recovery.

An Improved Slow-start and Congestion Avoidance Algorithm based on TCP Westwood

2015 The 5th International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering-Information Processing and Control Engineering ◽

10.18178/wcse.2015.04.108 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Congestion Avoidance ◽

Slow Start ◽

Tcp Westwood

West Nile Virus Season Off to Slow Start

Pediatric News ◽

10.1016/s0031-398x(05)70478-1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

PATRICE WENDLING

Keyword(s):

West Nile Virus ◽

West Nile ◽

Slow Start

AAD Seal Program Off to a Slow Start

Skin & Allergy News ◽

10.1016/s0037-6337(09)70470-x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

DOUG BRUNK

Keyword(s):

Slow Start

Enhanced TCP westwood algorithm-based on loss differentiation over GEO satellite networks

Journal of Computer Applications ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.02763 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 2763-2766

Author(s):

Jian-feng WANG ◽

Guo-ce HUANG ◽

Qiao-yan KANG

Keyword(s):

Satellite Networks ◽

Geo Satellite ◽

Tcp Westwood ◽

Loss Differentiation

A Probability Model for TCP Slow Start

SNE Simulation Notes Europe ◽

10.11128/sne.21.sn.10047 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 45-48

Author(s):

Asmir Gogic ◽

Nermin Suljanovic ◽

Amer Hasanovic ◽

Aljo Mujcic

Keyword(s):

Probability Model ◽

Slow Start

StopEG: Detecting when to stop exponential growth in TCP slow-start

2020 IEEE 45th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN) ◽

10.1109/lcn48667.2020.9314853 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Arghavani ◽

Haibo Zhang ◽

David Eyers ◽

Abbas Arghavani

Keyword(s):

Exponential Growth ◽

Slow Start

Performance evaluation of TCP-Reno, TCP-Newreno and TCP-Westwood on burstification in an OBS network

2012 18th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications (ADCOM) ◽

10.1109/adcom.2012.6563579 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Ratna Pavani ◽

N. Sreenath

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Tcp Westwood ◽

Tcp Reno

The Slow Start of Fast Spice

Proceedings of the 2019 International Symposium on Physical Design - ISPD '19 ◽

10.1145/3299902.3311068 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jacob K. White

Keyword(s):

Slow Start

The Social Construction of an Imperative: Why Welfare Reform Happened in Denmark and the Netherlands but Not in Germany

World Politics ◽

10.1353/wp.2001.0008 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 463-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 219

Author(s):

Robert Henry Cox

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Social Construction ◽

Welfare Reform ◽

German Unification ◽

Welfare Programs ◽

Slow Start ◽

The Social ◽

Welfare Systems ◽

Institutional Differences ◽

Governing Institutions

This article seeks to explain why Denmark and the Netherlands made dramatic progress reforming their welfare systems in the 1990s and why Germany had a relatively slow start. Some possible explanations found to be incomplete are institutional differences in welfare programs, the uniqueness of circumstances (for example, German unification), and the balance of political power in governing institutions. An important part of the puzzle is an increasing perception of the need to reform that was more widespread in Denmark and the Netherlands. The social construction of an imperative to reform in these countries generated a political consensus that was elusive in Germany but that may be developing under Gerhard Schroder's government.