Oxabetrinil Reversal of Metolachlor and Acid Soil Stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 950-956
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
R. R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Acid Soil Tolerance ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Metolachlor and excess Mn2+ (acid soil stress) induce alterations in gibberellin precursor biosynthesis that can explain the morphological responses to these physiological stresses. Oxabetrinil protects sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from the influence of metolachlor and excess Mn2+. Sorghum cultivar variations in response to excess Mn2+ are explicable as differential rates of ent-kaurene biosynthesis between acid soil sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Concentrations of Mn2+ present in vegetative leaves and reproductive stem tissues were not different. Therefore, cultivar differences in ent-kaurene biosynthesis explain the acid soil tolerance differences rather than differential Mn2+ absorption, translocation, and/or compartmentation. Metolachlor and safener responses are found in cellular compartments and tissues that do not match a decreased herbicide concentration through absorption, transport, or degradation as a sole mode of action for safeners.

Oxabetrinil Reversal of Metolachlor and Acid Soil Stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 950-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
R. R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Abstract Metolachlor and excess Mn2+ (acid soil stress) induce alterations in gibberellin precursor biosynthesis that can explain the morphological responses to these physiological stresses. Oxa­betrinil protects sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from the influence of metolachlor and excess Mn2+. Sorghum cultivar variations in response to excess Mn2+ are explicable as dif­ferential rates of ent-kaurene biosynthesis between acid soil sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Concentrations of Mn2+ present in vegetative leaves and reproductive stem tissues were not different. Therefore, cultivar differences in ent-kaurene biosynthesis explain the acid soil toler­ance differences rather than differential Mn2+ absorption, translocation, and/or compartmentation. Metolachlor and safener responses are found in cellular compartments and tissues that do not match a decreased herbicide concentration through absorption, transport, or degrada­tion as a sole mode of action for safeners.

FIELD EVALUATION OF TISSUE CULTURE DERIVED SORGHUM FOR INCREASED TOLERANCE TO ACID SOILS AND DROUGHT STRESS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. WASKOM ◽  
D. R. MILLER ◽  
G. E. HANNING ◽  
R. R. DUNCAN ◽  
R. L. VOIGT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Acid Soil Tolerance

Plant tissue culture is being recognized as an important tool for generating useful variants for crop improvement. The objective of this research was to determine if improved tolerance to acid soil and drought stress can be generated in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] through tissue culture. Two environments were used to screen for enhanced field tolerance: (1) a low pH field in Griffin, Georgia for testing acid soil stress tolerance, and (2) an arid environment in Yuma, Arizona for testing drought stress tolerance. A population of 212 R1 sorghum lines from tissue cultures of Hegari and Tx430 were increased in 1986. Screening was then conducted in both environments during 1987. Selected entries which showed improved tolerance were advanced and re-tested during 1988. From this original population, four lines were identified as having improved acid soil tolerance and five lines were identified as having improved drought tolerance as compared to the non-regenerated checks. Three of these lines performed better than the non-regenerated checks under both acid soil and drought stress conditions. These results indicate that somaclonal variants for increased tolerance to environmental stresses can be generated in tissue culture and be selected under proper field conditions.Key words: Sorghum bicolor, somaclonal variation, drought tolerance, acid soil tolerance, tissue culture

scholarly journals Inheritance of acid-soil tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grown on an Ultisol

1991 ◽  
pp. 1081-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Flores ◽  
L. M. Gourley ◽  
J. F. Pedersen ◽  
R. B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soil Tolerance

Acid soil tolerance mechanisms for juvenile stage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

1991 ◽  
pp. 1037-1045
Author(s):  
R. R. Duncan ◽  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
L. M. Shuman ◽  
E. L. Ramseur
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Soil Tolerance

scholarly journals Sorghum isoprenoid pathway responses to manganese concentration

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Farnesyl Pyrophosphate ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Isoprenoid Pathway ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Physiological Problem ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The influence of manganese concentration (0.1−20 μM) on the incorporation of [14C] isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) into gibberellin precursors by cell-free extracts from etiolated coleoptiles was investigated in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars ranging in acid-soil stress sensitivity. Mn2+ concentration influenced 14C-IPP incorporation in the acid-soil-sensitive cultivars (Funk G522DR, TAM428, and SC599) but not in acid-soil-stress-tolerant cultivars (SC574, SC283). Mn2+ concentration influenced the conversion of geraniol (G) to farnesol (F) in three cultivars (TAM428, SC283, and SC574). SC574 also exhibited an influence of Mn2+ concentration of F conversion to geranylgeraniol (GG). Mn2+ concentration did not influence the conversion of G to GG in Funk G522DR and F was the major accumulation product. Isoprenoid pathway conversions were not influenced by Mn2+ concentration in SC599 but G accumulated. Thus, there is considerable genetic diversity in the isoprenoid pathway biosynthetic reactions to Mn2+ within a single crop species and changes occur in the production of biosynthetic units as the physiological environment is altered. Acid-soil stress is a multifactored physiological problem to the plant. Explanation of physiological responses to "stress" requires evaluation of individual factors and integration of the whole ecosystem influence on plant growth. Key words: Isoprenoid biosynthesis, manganese concentration, geranyl pyrophosphate, farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, acid-soil stress

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