Oxabetrinil Reversal of Metolachlor and Acid Soil Stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 950-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
R. R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Abstract Metolachlor and excess Mn2+ (acid soil stress) induce alterations in gibberellin precursor biosynthesis that can explain the morphological responses to these physiological stresses. Oxa­betrinil protects sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from the influence of metolachlor and excess Mn2+. Sorghum cultivar variations in response to excess Mn2+ are explicable as dif­ferential rates of ent-kaurene biosynthesis between acid soil sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Concentrations of Mn2+ present in vegetative leaves and reproductive stem tissues were not different. Therefore, cultivar differences in ent-kaurene biosynthesis explain the acid soil toler­ance differences rather than differential Mn2+ absorption, translocation, and/or compartmentation. Metolachlor and safener responses are found in cellular compartments and tissues that do not match a decreased herbicide concentration through absorption, transport, or degrada­tion as a sole mode of action for safeners.

Oxabetrinil Reversal of Metolachlor and Acid Soil Stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 950-956
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
R. R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Acid Soil Tolerance ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Metolachlor and excess Mn2+ (acid soil stress) induce alterations in gibberellin precursor biosynthesis that can explain the morphological responses to these physiological stresses. Oxabetrinil protects sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from the influence of metolachlor and excess Mn2+. Sorghum cultivar variations in response to excess Mn2+ are explicable as differential rates of ent-kaurene biosynthesis between acid soil sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Concentrations of Mn2+ present in vegetative leaves and reproductive stem tissues were not different. Therefore, cultivar differences in ent-kaurene biosynthesis explain the acid soil tolerance differences rather than differential Mn2+ absorption, translocation, and/or compartmentation. Metolachlor and safener responses are found in cellular compartments and tissues that do not match a decreased herbicide concentration through absorption, transport, or degradation as a sole mode of action for safeners.

scholarly journals Sorghum isoprenoid pathway responses to manganese concentration

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Farnesyl Pyrophosphate ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Isoprenoid Pathway ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Physiological Problem ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The influence of manganese concentration (0.1−20 μM) on the incorporation of [14C] isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) into gibberellin precursors by cell-free extracts from etiolated coleoptiles was investigated in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars ranging in acid-soil stress sensitivity. Mn2+ concentration influenced 14C-IPP incorporation in the acid-soil-sensitive cultivars (Funk G522DR, TAM428, and SC599) but not in acid-soil-stress-tolerant cultivars (SC574, SC283). Mn2+ concentration influenced the conversion of geraniol (G) to farnesol (F) in three cultivars (TAM428, SC283, and SC574). SC574 also exhibited an influence of Mn2+ concentration of F conversion to geranylgeraniol (GG). Mn2+ concentration did not influence the conversion of G to GG in Funk G522DR and F was the major accumulation product. Isoprenoid pathway conversions were not influenced by Mn2+ concentration in SC599 but G accumulated. Thus, there is considerable genetic diversity in the isoprenoid pathway biosynthetic reactions to Mn2+ within a single crop species and changes occur in the production of biosynthetic units as the physiological environment is altered. Acid-soil stress is a multifactored physiological problem to the plant. Explanation of physiological responses to "stress" requires evaluation of individual factors and integration of the whole ecosystem influence on plant growth. Key words: Isoprenoid biosynthesis, manganese concentration, geranyl pyrophosphate, farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, acid-soil stress

Consórcio palma-sorgo sob lâminas de irrigação: balanço de água no solo e coeficientes da cultura

Agrometeoros ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Pereira Alves ◽  
Thieres George Freire Silva ◽  
Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes Alves ◽  
Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Objetivou-se neste estudo quantificar a evapotranspiração real (ETr) e máxima da cultura (ETc) e os coeficientes da cultura (Kc) do consórcio palma-sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Serra Talhada, PE. O delineamento usado foi em blocos ao acaso, envolvendo cinco lâminas de irrigação (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência - ETo), sob sistema de cultivo consorciado palma-sorgo. O clone de palma forrageira utilizado foi a Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.) e o cultivar de sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a SF 15. O sorgo foi conduzido durante dois ciclos (planta e rebrota) compreendidos em um ciclo anual da palma. A quantificação da ETr e da ETc foi realizada através do resíduo do balanço de água no solo (BAS) a cada 14 dias, com a mensuração dos componentes hidrodinâmicos. As determinações da ETc e do Kc foram realizadas com base na lâmina de 75% da ETo. Os componentes do BAS foram submetidos à análise de regressão, sendo testados modelos polinomiais. Com exceção da variação do armazenamento de água no solo, os demais componentes hidrodinâmicos do solo cultivado sob sistema consorciado palma-sorgo respondem linearmente ao aumento de lâminas de irrigação. A evapotranspiração média diária do consórcio palma-sorgo é igual a 3,0 mm dia-1, independentemente da lâmina de irrigação. Os coeficientes do consórcio palma-sorgo são iguais a 0,40, 0,68, 0,90 e 0,52 durante as fases I, II, III e IV de emissão de cladódios.

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