The main objective of this paper is to present prototype of wing spar joint using CATIA V5 software to study the behavior of wing spar joint as per actual working condition and to perform structural analysis of the wing spar joint based on condition of cyclic loading (fatigue loading). Determining the loading modes in the spar joint is subjected to static load and fatigue loads which should be taken into account in the evaluation of the strength and fatigue life. Initially, the components were modeled with CATIA V5 and imported to MSC PATRAN; MSC NASTRAN is used as a solver. From the obtained maximum tensile stresses, fatigue analysis was carried out to find fatigue life of the spar joint with different fatigue load spectra.
The Boeing Company, under contract to the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), has completed a test program on the Mod-2 wind turbines at Goodnoe Hills, Washington. The objectives were to update fatigue load spectra for different sites, to measure vortex generator effects, and to evaluate rotational sampling techniques. This paper presents the results of these tests and assesses the adequacy of prediction techniques.
ABSTRACT
This report is a summary of 10 years of experience with the complement fixation test as adopted for the immunoassay of HCG in serum. It is based on published as well as unpublished material. The discussion centers mainly around methodological problems, criteria of reliability, and clinical observations.
It is our impression that the complement fixation test is a reasonably rapid and simple technical procedure. It is standard practice in every bacteriological and virological laboratory. The precision of the HCG assay is high. Its accuracy is good. The complement fixation assay, as reported here, fulfils the criteria of specificity. It has been evaluated by means of serological techniques and through comparison between biopotency and immunopotency of HCG in serum with reference to a common standard. Its application for routine as well as research work is illustrated.
Modelling and identification of fatigue load spectra: Application in the automotive industry
